What are the symptoms of anal cancer?

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Symptoms of Anal Cancer

Early Symptoms of Anal Cancer

Small, Early Cancers

Small, early-stage anal cancers are often discovered incidentally during the removal of anal tags. These early cancers may not present with significant symptoms, making them harder to detect without a thorough examination.

Advanced Symptoms of Anal Cancer

Mass and Non-Healing Ulcers

As anal cancer progresses, it can manifest as a noticeable mass or non-healing ulcers in the anal region. These physical changes are often the first signs that prompt individuals to seek medical attention.

Pain and Discomfort

Pain is a common symptom of anal cancer, particularly in more advanced stages. Patients frequently report anal or perianal pain, which can be severe and persistent. Painful defecation is also a notable symptom, often associated with more advanced disease stages .

Rectal Bleeding

Rectal bleeding is one of the most prevalent symptoms of anal cancer, occurring in a significant majority of patients. This symptom can range from minor spotting to more substantial bleeding, prompting medical evaluation.

Itching and Discharge

Anal itching and discharge are additional symptoms that can indicate the presence of anal cancer. These symptoms are often accompanied by other signs such as pain and bleeding, contributing to the overall discomfort experienced by patients.

Faecal Incontinence

In some cases, anal cancer can lead to faecal incontinence, where patients lose control over bowel movements. This symptom is particularly distressing and can significantly impact the quality of life.

Weight Loss and Foreign Body Sensation

Unexplained weight loss and a sensation of a foreign body in the anal region are also reported by patients with anal cancer. These symptoms are more commonly associated with advanced stages of the disease and can indicate a more severe prognosis.

Physical Examination Findings

Visible Tumor and Palpable Resistance

During physical examinations, a visible tumor or palpable resistance in the anal region is often detected. These findings are critical for diagnosing and staging the cancer.

Pain and Blood During Digital Rectal Examination

Pain and the presence of blood during a digital rectal examination are significant indicators of anal cancer. These findings help in assessing the extent and severity of the disease.

Conclusion

Anal cancer presents with a variety of symptoms that can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and bleeding. Early detection is challenging due to the subtle nature of initial symptoms, but as the disease progresses, more pronounced signs such as a mass, non-healing ulcers, and significant pain become evident. Regular medical check-ups and prompt attention to symptoms like rectal bleeding, pain, and faecal incontinence are crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment.