What are the symptoms of Bell's palsy?

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Symptoms of Bell's Palsy

Sudden Facial Weakness and Paralysis

Bell's palsy is characterized by the sudden onset of weakness or paralysis on one side of the face. This can result in a drooping eyelid or corner of the mouth, and an inability to close the eye or mouth on the affected side . The symptoms typically peak within 72 hours and can range from mild weakness to total paralysis, causing significant facial distortion .

Pain and Discomfort

Many patients with Bell's palsy experience pain in or around the ear on the affected side. This pain can be a significant symptom and is often one of the first signs of the condition . Additionally, some patients report retroauricular pain, which is pain behind the ear .

Sensory Changes

Bell's palsy can also lead to sensory changes, including numbness on the affected side of the face and loss of taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue . Increased tearing or excessive tearing in the eye on the affected side is another common symptom .

Other Neurological Symptoms

In some cases, patients may experience other neurological symptoms that are not directly related to the facial nerve. These can include dizziness, hearing impairment, and even symptoms of cranial polyneuropathy such as facial hypesthesia (reduced sensation) .

Complications and Long-term Effects

A common short-term complication of Bell's palsy is incomplete eyelid closure, which can lead to dry eye and potential damage to the cornea. Long-term complications can include permanent facial weakness and muscle contractures, which can have significant esthetic, physiological, and psychological impacts on the patient's quality of life .

Conclusion

Bell's palsy presents with a variety of symptoms primarily affecting one side of the face, including sudden weakness or paralysis, pain around the ear, sensory changes, and other neurological symptoms. While most patients recover spontaneously, early treatment with corticosteroids and, in some cases, antivirals can improve the likelihood of complete recovery and reduce the duration of symptoms. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management of Bell's palsy.