What are the symptoms of cholera?
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Symptoms of Cholera: An Overview
Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The disease is primarily transmitted through contaminated water or food and can range from mild to severe, with a variety of symptoms.
Profuse Watery Diarrhea
One of the hallmark symptoms of cholera is profuse, watery diarrhea, often described as "rice-water" stools due to its appearance. This symptom can lead to rapid fluid loss and severe dehydration if not treated promptly1 2 4 5 9.
Vomiting and Nausea
Vomiting is another common symptom of cholera, which can occur alongside diarrhea. This vomiting is typically effortless and not preceded by nausea, contributing further to the loss of fluids and electrolytes1 2 4 5.
Dehydration and Electrolyte Imbalance
Severe dehydration is a critical concern in cholera patients. Symptoms of dehydration include dry mucous membranes, loss of skin elasticity, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, and intense thirst. In severe cases, dehydration can lead to hypovolemic shock, metabolic acidosis, and even death if not treated1 2 3 4 5.
Muscle Cramps
Muscle cramps, particularly in the legs, are frequently reported in cholera patients. These cramps are usually due to the rapid loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body1 2 4 5.
Abdominal Pain and Cramps
Patients often experience abdominal pain and cramps, which can be severe and contribute to the overall discomfort and distress caused by the disease2 6 8.
Additional Symptoms
Other symptoms that may be present include a rapid heart rate, sunken eyes, dry mouth, and a high-pitched or inaudible voice. In severe cases, patients may exhibit signs of shock, such as cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin), poor skin turgor, and thready or absent peripheral pulses1 4 7.
Pediatric Considerations
In children, cholera can present with additional central nervous system abnormalities, ranging from stupor to convulsions and coma. These symptoms are less common in adults but can occur in severe cases4.
Mild and Asymptomatic Cases
It is important to note that not all cholera infections result in severe symptoms. Many cases are mild or even asymptomatic, yet these individuals can still spread the infection to others1 3 4.
Conclusion
Cholera presents with a range of symptoms, from mild to life-threatening. The most common and severe symptoms include profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and rapid dehydration, which can lead to hypovolemic shock and death if not treated. Prompt rehydration and medical care are crucial in managing the disease and preventing fatalities.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Cholera: A Recent Epidemic
Cholera is a highly treatable disease, but hydration is crucial and proper hygiene is crucial to prevent dehydration and spread of the infection.
Cholera - the new strike of an old foe.
Cholera is a bacterial infection caused by the pathogen Vibrio cholerae, causing thousands of illnesses and deaths annually, mostly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
WHAT IS CHOLERA?
Cholera symptoms range from mild to severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, with fever usually absent.
Cholera: diagnosis and treatment.
Cholera is a highly infectious disease, with a high mortality rate and a high morbidity rate in the most severe cases.
Cholera: a modern view on the problem
Cholera is a highly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, causing watery diarrhea, vomiting, and rapid loss of fluid and electrolytes, leading to dehydration and death.
Toxin producing Vibrio cholerae O75 outbreak, United States, March to April 2011.
Oysters from Apalachicola Bay, Florida, may have been contaminated with Vibrio cholerae O75, causing mild gastrointestinal symptoms without requiring rehydration treatment or hospitalization.
Case ReportTreatment of Asiatic Cholera
Discharges may be feculent, but soon present the appearance of rice-water or gruel; abdominal pains, nausea, vomiting, and nervous agitation; cramps in legs, arms, loins, and abdominal muscles; small, weak pulse; intense, shivering; and small, weak
Cholera in the perspective of 1966.
The U.S. Navy method of treating cholera has reduced mortality rates to zero in uncomplicated cases, making it suitable for epidemics in populations with no experience in cholera.
Individual and Household Risk Factors for Symptomatic Cholera Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
A combination of interventional approaches targeting various groups with risk-adapted intensities may be the optimal strategy for cholera control.
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