What are the symptoms of delayed sleep-wake phase disorder?
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Symptoms of Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD)
Difficulty Falling Asleep and Waking Up
One of the primary symptoms of Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD) is the significant delay in the ability to fall asleep and wake up at conventional times. Individuals with DSWPD often find it challenging to fall asleep until late at night and consequently have difficulty waking up in the morning, which can interfere with daily responsibilities such as school or work .
Daytime Fatigue and Sleepiness
Due to the misalignment of their sleep schedule with societal norms, individuals with DSWPD frequently experience excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue. This can lead to impaired cognitive function, reduced academic performance, and a general decline in quality of life .
Impaired Concentration and Cognitive Dysfunction
DSWPD is associated with cognitive impairments, including difficulties with concentration and memory. These cognitive deficits are often exacerbated by the lack of sufficient sleep and the resulting daytime sleepiness .
Mood Changes and Psychiatric Comorbidities
Mood disturbances, such as depression and anxiety, are common among individuals with DSWPD. The disorder is frequently comorbid with psychiatric conditions, including mood disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders like ADHD and autism spectrum disorder . Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) has also been identified as a factor linking DSWPD with depression.
Social and Behavioral Issues
Individuals with DSWPD often face social and behavioral challenges, including truancy, academic troubles, and social dysfunction. These issues can be further complicated by the disorder's impact on their ability to maintain a regular schedule .
Sleep Inertia and Poor Sleep Quality
Sleep inertia, or the feeling of grogginess and disorientation upon waking, is another symptom of DSWPD. Additionally, individuals with this disorder may experience poor sleep quality, including restless sleep and difficulty maintaining sleep .
Increased Risk of Substance Use
To cope with the symptoms of DSWPD, some individuals may resort to excessive caffeine intake or substance use, which can further complicate their sleep patterns and overall health.
Physical Health Issues
DSWPD is also associated with various physical health problems, including being overweight or obese and physical inactivity. These health issues can contribute to the overall burden of the disorder.
Conclusion
Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder is a complex condition characterized by a delayed sleep-wake schedule, leading to significant daytime impairment. Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep and waking up, daytime fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, mood disturbances, social and behavioral issues, sleep inertia, poor sleep quality, increased risk of substance use, and physical health problems. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management of the disorder.
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