What are the symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. This condition leads to various acute and chronic complications affecting multiple organs, including the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.

Key Insights

Common Symptoms of Hyperglycemia:
- Polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), weight loss, polyphagia (increased hunger), and blurred vision are common symptoms of marked hyperglycemia .
Growth Impairment and Infections:
- Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to impaired growth and increased susceptibility to infections .
Acute Complications:
- Uncontrolled diabetes can result in life-threatening conditions such as ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome .
Long-term Complications:
- Long-term complications include retinopathy (potential loss of vision), nephropathy (renal failure), peripheral neuropathy (risk of foot ulcers, amputations, Charcot joints), and autonomic neuropathy (gastrointestinal, genitourinary, cardiovascular symptoms, and sexual dysfunction) .
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Issues:
- Patients with diabetes have an increased incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular, peripheral arterial, and cerebrovascular diseases. Hypertension and abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism are also common .
Gastrointestinal Symptoms:
- Diabetes is associated with an increased prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, which are linked to poor glycemic control and diabetic complications, particularly peripheral neuropathy.
Psychiatric Symptoms:
- Symptoms such as reduced energy levels, increased fatigue, irritability, depression, and delayed psychosexual maturation are observed in diabetic patients, affecting their quality of life and functional capacity.

Conclusion

Diabetes mellitus presents a wide range of symptoms primarily due to chronic hyperglycemia. Common symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, polyphagia, and blurred vision. Chronic hyperglycemia can also lead to growth impairment, increased infection susceptibility, and severe acute complications like ketoacidosis. Long-term complications affect multiple organ systems, including the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and cardiovascular system. Additionally, gastrointestinal and psychiatric symptoms are prevalent, often linked to poor glycemic control and diabetic complications. Effective management of diabetes is crucial to mitigate these symptoms and improve patient outcomes.

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What are the symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

Summary

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by defects in insulin secretion or insulin action, leading to long-term damage and dysfunction of various organs.

Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus The information that follows is based largely on the reports of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes (Diabetes Care 20:1183–1197, 1997, and Diabetes Care 26:3160–3167, 2003).

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by defects in insulin secretion or insulin action, leading to long-term damage and dysfunction of various organs.

Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus The information that follows is based largely on the reports of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes (Diabetes Care 20:1183–1197, 1997, and Diabetes Care 26:3160–3167, 2003).

Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency, with autoimmune destruction of pancreatic b-cells as a primary cause.

Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, leading to long-term damage and dysfunction of various organs.

Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes is caused by resistance to insulin action and inadequate insulin secretory response, and may present for long periods without symptoms before diagnosis.

GI symptoms in diabetes mellitus are associated with both poor glycemic control and diabetic complications

GI symptoms in diabetes mellitus are linked to diabetic complications, particularly peripheral neuropathy, and poor glycemic control.

Diagnosis, classification, and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriate hyperglycemia, with type 1 and type 2 being major types, both influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

Psychiatric Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus

Insulin-dependent diabetics experience reduced energy, increased fatigue, irritability, depression, and delayed psychosexual maturation, affecting their functional capacity, family life, and adolescence.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease characterized by insulin deficiency due to pancreatic -cell loss, with a cure not yet available.

Diabetes mellitus and free radicals. Free radicals, transition metals and oxidative stress in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus and complications.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with abnormalities in peroxide and transition metal metabolism, potentially contributing to tissue damage and atherosclerosis.

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