What are the symptoms of Ebola virus disease?

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe and often fatal illness in humans caused by the Ebola virus. It is characterized by the sudden onset of fever and malaise along with other non-specific signs and symptoms.

Key Insights from Research Papers:

Early symptoms of EVD include fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and abdominal pain .
Late-stage symptoms can include confusion, conjunctivitis, dysphagia, jaundice, severe headache, myalgia, asthenia, and hemorrhagic signs such as bleeding from various parts of the body .
Some individuals may be asymptomatic but still show evidence of infection through immune responses such as the production of IgM and IgG antibodies and a strong inflammatory response characterized by high levels of cytokines and chemokines.
The clinical course of EVD can vary, with some patients experiencing a long incubation period and disease duration, and others developing severe complications such as multiorgan dysfunction, coagulopathy, and shock .

Conclusion:

The symptoms of Ebola virus disease range from early non-specific signs like fever and fatigue to more severe and specific symptoms such as hemorrhagic manifestations and multiorgan failure as the disease progresses. While some individuals may remain asymptomatic, they can still mount a significant immune response. The variability in the clinical course of the disease underscores the complexity of EVD and the need for comprehensive medical support for affected individuals.

What are the symptoms of Ebola virus disease?

Summary

Sources and full results

Meta-analysis of predictive symptoms for Ebola virus disease

Confusion, conjunctivitis, dysphagia, and jaundice are highly predictive of Ebola diagnosis, while early symptoms like diarrhoea, fatigue, vomiting, fever, muscle pain, and cough are also useful for future risk stratification.

Human asymptomatic Ebola infection and strong inflammatory response

Asymptomatic Ebola infection can occur in humans, with strong inflammatory responses, but does not result from viral mutations.

Ebola haemorrhagic fever

Ebola virus infections cause multiorgan failure and shock, with high case-fatality rates in humans, and no effective treatment or prevention methods available.

Molecular mechanisms of Ebola virus pathogenesis: focus on cell death

Ebola virus pathogenesis involves cell death pathways, and treating the infection could benefit from recent experience in blocking/modulating cell death in human degenerative diseases.

Longitudinal peripheral blood transcriptional analysis of a patient with severe Ebola virus disease

Changes in immune and antiviral responses in peripheral blood leukocytes correlate with changes in clinical symptoms and viral load in patients with severe Ebola virus disease.

Extracellular Vesicles and Ebola Virus: A New Mechanism of Immune Evasion

Extracellular vesicles containing Ebola virus proteins can induce apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines in recipient immune cells, potentially evading immune responses.

Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in Isiro, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2012: Signs and Symptoms, Management and Outcomes

The 2012 Ebola outbreak in Isiro, Democratic Republic of the Congo, showed that Ebola patients often had non-specific symptoms, a long incubation period, and long duration, emphasizing the need for improved clinical monitoring and documentation.

Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: clinical observations in 103 patients.

During the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, 103 cases of Ebola hemorrhagic fever were accurately recorded, with bleeding signs observed in 45% of cases, and the disease began unspecifically with fever, asthenia, diarrhea, headaches, myalgia, arthralgia

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever as Emerging Zoonotic Disease

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a severe, often-fatal, zoonotic viral disease that spreads through contact with infected people or animals, secretions, and sexual intercourse, with no effective treatment or vaccine.

An overview of Ebola virus disease

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe, often fatal illness transmitted through contact with blood or body fluids of a person who contracted or died from EVD, contaminated objects, and infected animals or bush meat.

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