What are the symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

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Symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

Uncomfortable Urge to Move Legs

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is primarily characterized by an uncomfortable and often overwhelming urge to move the legs, especially when at rest. This urge is typically accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the legs, which patients often describe using various semantic phrases .

Symptom Relief with Movement

One of the hallmark features of RLS is that the symptoms are temporarily relieved by movement. Patients often find that walking or other physical activities can alleviate the discomfort, although the relief is usually short-lived .

Worsening of Symptoms at Rest and Night

RLS symptoms tend to worsen during periods of inactivity, such as sitting or lying down. Additionally, the severity of symptoms typically increases in the evening and at night, which can significantly disrupt sleep .

Periodic Limb Movements

Many individuals with RLS also experience periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS), which are involuntary movements that can further disturb sleep and reduce sleep efficiency .

Sleep Disturbances

Due to the worsening of symptoms at night and the presence of PLMS, sleep disturbances are common in RLS patients. This can lead to frequent awakenings and a general reduction in sleep quality, contributing to daytime fatigue and reduced quality of life .

Sensory Symptoms

RLS is also associated with various sensory symptoms, which can include paresthesias (abnormal sensations) and dysesthesias (unpleasant abnormal sensations). These sensory disturbances are often difficult for patients to describe and can sometimes be mistaken for pain, although they are not typically described as painful .

Genetic and Secondary Forms

RLS can be idiopathic (primary) or secondary to other conditions such as pregnancy, iron deficiency, and chronic renal insufficiency. A family history of RLS is common, suggesting a genetic predisposition in many cases .

Conclusion

Restless legs syndrome is a complex neurological disorder characterized by an uncomfortable urge to move the legs, especially at rest and during the evening or night. The symptoms are temporarily relieved by movement but can significantly disrupt sleep and reduce quality of life. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for the effective diagnosis and management of RLS.