What to expect when you have covid
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What to Expect When You Have COVID-19
Common Symptoms of COVID-19
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, typically presents with a range of flu-like symptoms. The most frequently reported symptoms include fever, cough, and fatigue . Other common symptoms are shortness of breath, muscle soreness, and headache . Gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are also observed in some patients . Additionally, some individuals may experience loss of taste or smell, known as anosmia.
Severe Symptoms and Complications
In more severe cases, COVID-19 can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, and even death, particularly in high-risk individuals such as the elderly and those with underlying health conditions . Complications can also include pneumonia, septic shock, and cardiovascular issues. Bilateral lung involvement is common, with many patients showing lesions in both lungs.
Long COVID: Persistent Symptoms
Long COVID refers to symptoms that persist for weeks or even months after the initial infection. Common long COVID symptoms include fatigue, cough, chest tightness, breathlessness, palpitations, and difficulty focusing . These symptoms can significantly impact daily life and may be related to organ damage or post-viral syndromes. Studies have shown that a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients experience long-lasting symptoms, with fatigue and dyspnea being the most prevalent .
Risk Factors for Long COVID
Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing long COVID. These include older age, higher body mass index (BMI), and female sex. Experiencing more than five symptoms during the first week of illness is also associated with a higher risk of long COVID. Identifying these risk factors early can help in planning appropriate care and rehabilitation services.
Skin Symptoms
Although less common, COVID-19 can also manifest with skin symptoms such as erythematous rash, urticaria, and chickenpox-like lesions. These symptoms are thought to be related to the virus's interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is present in various tissues, including the skin.
Diagnostic and Management Approaches
Diagnosis of COVID-19 primarily relies on real-time PCR tests using nasal swabs, tracheal aspirates, or bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Computed tomography (CT) scans are also valuable for diagnosing and monitoring the disease. Management of COVID-19 includes supportive care, respiratory therapy, and the use of antiviral drugs and other medications like dexamethasone and remdesivir . Preventive measures such as hand hygiene, social distancing, and wearing personal protective equipment remain crucial in controlling the spread of the virus .
Conclusion
COVID-19 presents a wide range of symptoms, from mild flu-like manifestations to severe respiratory complications. Long COVID is a significant concern, with many patients experiencing persistent symptoms that affect their quality of life. Understanding the common symptoms, risk factors, and management strategies is essential for effective treatment and prevention of this global health crisis.
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