What viruses are going around right now in adults
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Summary
9 papers analyzed
These studies suggest that common respiratory viruses currently affecting adults include RSV, influenza, PIV, HMPV, AdV, RV, and CoV, with COVID-19 being particularly severe in older adults with comorbidities.
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Current Viruses Circulating Among Adults
Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses
Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been a significant concern, especially with the emergence of highly pathogenic strains like SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and the recent SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. These viruses have led to global epidemics with high morbidity and mortality rates. Common HCoVs such as HCoV-229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1 are also prevalent and account for a notable percentage of upper respiratory tract infections in adults. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to be a major health issue, particularly affecting older adults and those with underlying health conditions.
Influenza Virus: A Persistent Threat
Influenza remains a significant cause of respiratory illness in adults. Studies have shown that influenza virus is frequently detected in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), accounting for about 9% of cases in Europe. The virus is also a major contributor to acute respiratory infections (ARI) in older adults, with a high attributable fraction among the exposed.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): An Underestimated Pathogen
RSV is increasingly recognized as a significant cause of respiratory illness in adults, particularly among the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Despite being well-known for causing upper respiratory infections in children, its impact on adult health is substantial and often under-recognized. RSV has a high attributable fraction in older adults with ARI, highlighting its importance as a respiratory pathogen.
Rhinovirus/Enterovirus: Common Culprits in Severe Respiratory Infections
Rhinovirus and enterovirus (RV/EV) are frequently detected in adults with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI). In a study conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, RV/EV was the most commonly detected virus in adults with SARI, accounting for nearly half of the cases. These viruses are also significant contributors to ARI in older adults.
Other Respiratory Viruses: Parainfluenza, Human Metapneumovirus, and Adenovirus
Parainfluenza virus (PIV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and adenovirus (AdV) are also important respiratory pathogens in adults. These viruses have been identified as significant causes of ARI, with high attributable fractions among the exposed. PIV and HMPV, in particular, have been associated with severe respiratory illness in older adults.
Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses: Zika Virus
Although primarily known for its impact on perinatal development, Zika virus (ZIKV) has also been associated with complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. The recent emergence of ZIKV underscores the need for continued surveillance and research to understand its impact on adult health.
Conclusion
In summary, several respiratory viruses are currently circulating among adults, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, RSV, RV/EV, PIV, HMPV, and AdV. These viruses contribute significantly to respiratory illnesses, particularly in older adults and those with underlying health conditions. Continued surveillance and research are essential to manage and mitigate the impact of these viral infections on public health.
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