Where did the energy for the big bang come from
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The Origin of Energy for the Big Bang
Introduction to the Big Bang Theory
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model explaining the early development of the Universe. According to this theory, the Universe expanded from a very high-density and high-temperature state and continues to expand today. However, one of the most profound questions that arise from this theory is: where did the energy for the Big Bang come from?
Energy from Phase Transitions
One hypothesis suggests that the energy for the Big Bang could have originated from a strong first-order phase transition. This transition could have occurred at the end of inflation, after a period of kination, or after a second period of vacuum domination in the early Universe. These scenarios propose that the energy was released during these transitions, leading to the Hot Big Bang and the creation of matter and radiation in the Universe1.
Creation Ex Nihilo and Quantum Fluctuations
Another perspective is the concept of "creation ex nihilo," which aligns with the uncertainty principle of Heisenberg. This theory posits that the energy for the Big Bang could have appeared from "nothing." According to this view, the radiant energy was maintained for a longer time interval, allowing for the structuring of the Universe2. This idea suggests that quantum fluctuations in a vacuum could have led to the creation of the Universe.
The Universe as a Black Hole
A different theory proposes that our Universe might be a massive black hole. In this model, the energy for the Big Bang could have come from the accumulation and eventual release of energy within this black hole. The 3 K background radiation discovered in 1965 is considered evidence of this equilibrium radiation. The energy and matter within the Universe could gather and re-gather, leading to repeated cycles of Big Bangs3.
Collision of Singularities
Another intriguing hypothesis is that the Big Bang was the result of a collision between two supermassive singularities. This collision could have released an enormous amount of energy, leading to the rapid expansion of the Universe. This theory is supported by observations of cosmic inflation and the accelerating expansion of the Universe due to dark energy5.
The Reverse Higgs Field
A novel idea suggests that the Big Bang was initiated by the creation of the reverse Higgs field. This field could have been formed by the absorption of the interuniversal void, which prevented the collision of expanding universes. The reverse Higgs field would have detached adjacent mass-energy, converting rest mass into kinetic energy and starting the Big Bang7.
Conclusion
The origin of the energy for the Big Bang remains one of the most profound mysteries in cosmology. Various theories propose different mechanisms, including phase transitions, quantum fluctuations, black hole dynamics, collisions of singularities, and the reverse Higgs field. Each of these theories provides a unique perspective on how the immense energy required for the Big Bang could have been generated. As our understanding of the Universe continues to evolve, future research may provide more definitive answers to this fundamental question.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Have pulsar timing arrays detected the hot big bang: Gravitational waves from strong first order phase transitions in the early Universe
The Hot Big Bang may explain the tentative signals from pulsar timing arrays, if the reheating temperature falls within the range T vac= MeV-100 GeV.
A comparative study of some models regarding the creation of the early universe
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The Origin of Energy for the Big Bang
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