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Most studies suggest that stroke has high mortality rates and can be fatal, while other studies indicate that many people survive but often with significant disabilities.
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Stroke is a significant global health issue, ranking as the second leading cause of death worldwide, with an annual mortality rate of approximately 5.5 million people . The socio-economic impact of stroke is considerable, with an estimated 4.5 million deaths annually attributed to stroke. In Korea alone, more than 26,000 people die from stroke each year, indicating that every 20 minutes, stroke claims a life.
Sudden death, defined as death occurring within 24 hours of symptom onset, is a critical concern in stroke cases. Strokes account for 10 to 20% of all sudden deaths. Primary intracerebral hemorrhage and primary subarachnoid hemorrhage are the leading causes of sudden death from stroke, with hypertension being a significant risk factor.
The incidence and mortality rates of stroke vary significantly across different countries and regions. For instance, the crude mortality rate from stroke is highest in countries like Kazakhstan, Bulgaria, and Greece. The incidence of stroke is also increasing globally due to aging populations and other demographic transitions, particularly in developing countries .
The case-fatality rate of stroke, which measures the proportion of individuals who die within a certain period after a stroke, shows considerable variation between regions. For example, in Korea, the 90-day mortality rate is 3-7% for ischemic stroke and 17% for intracerebral hemorrhage. Despite these high mortality rates, a significant number of stroke survivors experience long-term disabilities, with up to 50% of survivors being chronically disabled.
In summary, stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. While the mortality rate is high, particularly in cases of sudden death from hemorrhagic strokes, advancements in stroke care and prevention have led to improvements in survival rates in some regions. However, the global burden of stroke remains substantial, necessitating continued efforts in prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation to reduce its impact.
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