The most common climate type globally is BWh (14.2%, Hot desert), followed by Aw (11.5%), with BWh being the most common by land area.

Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification

This book introduces the global climate problem and complex processes, highlighting the importance of understanding all components of the climate system and their interactions to better predict climate changes and assess man's influence on climate.

Global Climate

Deep-sea sediment cores reveal complex global climate evolution since 65 million years ago, including gradual warming and cooling driven by tectonic processes, rhythmic cycles driven by orbital processes, and rare aberrant shifts and extreme climate transients.

Trends, Rhythms, and Aberrations in Global Climate 65 Ma to Present

Global warming of more than 1°C relative to 2000 will constitute "dangerous" climate change, potentially affecting sea level and species extinction.

Global temperature change

Current global temperatures are warmer than during 90% of the entire Holocene, with recent warming being unprecedented in that time.

A Reconstruction of Regional and Global Temperature for the Past 11,300 Years

WorldClim 2 provides high-resolution monthly climate data for global land areas, with satellite data improving temperature predictions 5-15%, but mostly marginally improving other variables.

WorldClim 2: new 1‐km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas

Anthropogenic global warming has led to unprecedented heat extremes and record rainfall extremes, with tropical regions experiencing the strongest increase in extremes.

Increasing heat and rainfall extremes now far outside the historical climate

This high-resolution data set of surface climate variables provides valuable information for applied climatology, biogeochemical modeling, hydrology, and agricultural meteorology.

A high-resolution data set of surface climate over global land areas

WORLD CLIMATE is an interactive role-play simulation that helps participants explore climate change dynamics and impacts, helping policymakers, educators, and citizens better understand the challenges and geopolitical implications of climate change.

WORLD CLIMATE

Climates of the world are influenced by factors such as heat exchange, atmospheric circulation, and geographic factors, with the main regions being Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Climates of the World

The second edition of The Future of the World's Climate provides a comprehensive understanding of global climate change, considering human factors, ocean changes, and atmospheric composition.

The future of the world's climate

This book provides a comprehensive overview of atmospheric and climate science, comparing observed data with general circulation models and providing valuable information for researchers and students.

Physics of climate

Adapting cattle to specific climates can increase their productivity and protein availability in areas with limited animal protein sources.

World climate and milk production

Climate stabilization scenarios suggest that by 2030, future climates will resemble Pliocene-like conditions, while unmitigated emissions could reverse a multimillion-year cooling trend in less than two centuries.

Pliocene and Eocene provide best analogs for near-future climates

Arc-continent collisions in the tropics primarily control Earth's climate state by maximizing global weatherability, which changes with the latitudinal distribution of these collisions.

Arc-continent collisions in the tropics set Earth’s climate state

The third edition of W. G. Kendrew's book remains the most useful and convenient collection of climatic data available in the English language, with minor emendations in the text and tables.

The Climates of the Continents

African regions, particularly those between 15°S and 15°N, can expect increased hot nights, longer and more frequent heat waves, and increased daily rainfall intensity, even if global warming stays below 2°C.

Analyzing Regional Climate Change in Africa in a 1.5, 2, and 3°C Global Warming World

Human populations have largely remained in a narrow climate niche, but climate change could shift this niche over the next 50 years, potentially exposing a third of the global population to temperatures above 29°C.

Future of the human climate niche

The global weathering rate is sensitive to the size and shape of continents, but not well explained by the amount of land in the tropics, contributing to the long-term variability and irregularity of Earth's climate.

Sensitive Dependence of Global Climate to Continental Geometry

The Earth's magnetic field may have a significant bearing on climate change at certain time scales, with solar irradiance being a major forcing function until the mid-1980s, and archeomagnetic jerks correlating with significant climatic events in the eastern North Atlantic region.

Are there connections between the Earth's magnetic field and climate?

These studies suggest that the world's climate is predominantly hot desert (BWh) and tropical (Aw), influenced by complex interactions and processes, with current global warming leading to unprecedented heat and rainfall extremes.