Despite multiple attempts at eradication, many ectoparasites of humans and domestic livestock remain a persistent problem in the modern world. For many years, a range of pesticide drugs including organophosphates, organochlorides and synthetic pyrethroids provided effective control of these parasites; but intensive use of these drugs has led to the evolution of resistance in many target species. This paper aims to review the effectiveness of current control methods and discuss potential alternatives for the long term sustainable control of ectoparasites.

Current control methods for ectoparasites in humans and domestic livestock are ineffective due to drug resistance, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives.

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Ectoparasites of medical and veterinary importance: drug resistance and the need for alternative control methods

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