Effect of calorie restriction with or without exercise on body composition and fat distribution.

doi:10.1210/JC.2006-2184

Paper

Effect of calorie restriction with or without exercise on body composition and fat distribution.

Published Mar 1, 2007 · L. Redman, L. Heilbronn, Corby K. Martin

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Q1 SJR score

294

Citations

11

Influential Citations

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Abstract

CONTEXT There is debate over the independent and combined effects of dieting and increased physical activity on improving metabolic risk factors (body composition and fat distribution). OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to conduct a randomized, controlled trial (CALERIE) to test the effect of a 25% energy deficit by diet alone or diet plus exercise for 6 months on body composition and fat distribution. DESIGN This was a randomized, controlled trial. SETTING The study was conducted at an institutional research center. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-five of 36 overweight but otherwise healthy participants (16 males, 19 females) completed the study. INTERVENTION Participants were randomized to either control (healthy weight maintenance diet, n = 11), caloric restriction (CR; 25% reduction in energy intake, n = 12), or caloric restriction plus exercise (CR+EX; 12.5% reduction in energy intake + 12.5% increase in exercise energy expenditure, n = 12) for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and changes in abdominal fat distribution by multislice computed tomography were measured. RESULTS The calculated energy deficit across the intervention was not different between CR and CR+EX. Participants lost approximately 10% of body weight (CR: - 8.3 +/- 0.8, CR+EX: - 8.1 +/- 0.8 kg, P = 1.00), approximately 24% of fat mass (CR: - 5.8 +/- 0.6, CR+EX: - 6.4 +/- 0.6 kg, P = 0.99), and 27% of abdominal visceral fat (CR: 0.9 +/- 0.2, CR+EX: 0.8 +/- 0.2 kg, P = 1.00). Both whole-body and abdominal fat distribution were not altered by the intervention. CONCLUSION Exercise plays an equivalent role to CR in terms of energy balance; however, it can also improve aerobic fitness, which has other important cardiovascular and metabolic implications.

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Study Snapshot

Caloric restriction combined with exercise leads to a similar energy deficit and improved body composition, but also improves aerobic fitness.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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Effect of calorie restriction with or without exercise on body composition and fat distribution.

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References

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A modest exercise program, consistent with CDC/ACSM recommendations, can prevent significant increases in visceral fat and significantly decrease visceral, subcutaneous, and total abdominal fat without changes in caloric intake.

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Citations

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Short-term energy restriction can lead to metabolic adaptations, affecting glucose and fat availability and regulation in physically active women and men after only five days.

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A sustainable approach to weight management involves understanding how the body processes food, choosing nutrient-rich options, regulating blood sugar, and staying physically active.

Caloric restriction extends lifespan in a clonal plant.

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The impact of continuous calorie restriction and fasting on cognition in adults without eating disorders

Continuous calorie restriction improves working memory and inhibition, while fasting may impair cognitive flexibility and psychomotor abilities in healthy adults without eating disorders.

Impact of Intermittent Fasting and/or Caloric Restriction on Aging-Related Outcomes in Adults: A Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Intermittent fasting and caloric restriction are equally effective in preventing and attenuating obesity-related conditions and aging-related outcomes in adults.

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Ketosis promotes substrate utilization towards ketone body oxidation, but does not significantly influence energy expenditure, making it equally effective for weight loss as diets with higher carbohydrate content.