Acidophilus lactobacilli
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The Role of Lactobacillus Acidophilus in Health and Disease
Introduction to Lactobacillus Acidophilus
Lactobacillus acidophilus is a well-known probiotic bacterium, originally isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. It has undergone multiple taxonomic revisions and is now recognized as a type species within the diverse Lactobacillus genus . This bacterium is widely used in commercial probiotic supplements and functional foods due to its beneficial effects on human health.
Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance is a common disorder characterized by the inability to digest lactose, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms. A study investigated the potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 to alleviate lactose intolerance. Despite its high beta-galactosidase activity and intestinal adherence, the study found that ingestion of this strain did not significantly change breath-hydrogen excretion or symptom scores in lactose-maldigesting subjects . This suggests that while L. acidophilus has some beneficial properties, it may not be effective in treating lactose intolerance.
Antibacterial Properties of Lactobacillus Acidophilus
Lactobacillus acidophilus exhibits significant antibacterial activity. The LA1 strain, for instance, secretes nonbacteriocin antibacterial substances that inhibit a wide range of pathogens, including Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, without affecting beneficial gut flora like lactobacilli and bifidobacteria . This strain also inhibits the adhesion and invasion of enterovirulent bacteria in human intestinal cells, showcasing its potential in preventing bacterial infections .
Probiotic Effects on Intestinal Health
Lactobacillus acidophilus plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal health. It adheres to human intestinal cells and mucus, which helps in inhibiting the attachment and invasion of harmful bacteria . Additionally, dietary supplementation with L. acidophilus has been shown to improve the intestinal microbiota, enhance mucosal immune parameters, and increase stress resistance in black swordtail fish, indicating its broad-spectrum benefits .
Inhibition of Candida Albicans
Lactobacillus acidophilus also demonstrates antifungal properties. The ATCC 4356 strain inhibits biofilm formation and filamentation of Candida albicans, a common fungal pathogen. In vivo studies using the Galleria mellonella model showed that L. acidophilus increased survival rates and reduced fungal load in infected larvae, highlighting its potential in managing candidiasis .
Genomic Insights
The complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM reveals several features that contribute to its probiotic functions. These include genes for carbohydrate transport, protein degradation, and adhesion to intestinal cells. The genome also contains unique regions resembling plasmids and phages, which may play a role in the bacterium's adaptability and survival in the gastrointestinal tract .
Conclusion
Lactobacillus acidophilus is a versatile probiotic with multiple health benefits, including antibacterial and antifungal properties, enhancement of intestinal health, and potential therapeutic applications. While it may not be effective in treating lactose intolerance, its ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria and fungi, along with its well-characterized genomic features, make it a valuable component in probiotic supplements and functional foods.
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