Adhd self report scale
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ADHD Self-Report Scale: An Overview
Introduction to ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)
The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a widely used tool developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to screen for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. The ASRS includes 18 questions that assess the frequency of recent DSM-IV Criterion A symptoms of adult ADHD . A shorter version, the ASRS-V1.1, consists of six questions selected to optimize concordance with clinical diagnoses 12.
Validation and Reliability of ASRS
Concordance with Clinical Diagnoses
The ASRS has been validated against clinical diagnoses in various studies. Each symptom measure in the ASRS is significantly related to comparable clinical symptom ratings, although the concordance varies . The six-question ASRS screener has shown higher sensitivity (68.7% vs. 56.3%), specificity (99.5% vs. 98.3%), and total classification accuracy (97.9% vs. 96.2%) compared to the full 18-question ASRS .
Psychometric Properties
The ASRS and its short form have demonstrated good psychometric properties across different populations. For instance, the Japanese version of the ASRS (ASRS-J) showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's α around 0.80) and test-retest reliability . Similarly, the Italian translation of the ASRS-18 proved effective in differentiating adolescents with ADHD from those without, indicating good diagnostic accuracy .
Application in Various Settings
Primary Care
The ASRS-V1.1 is particularly useful in busy primary care settings due to its ease of use and short administration time (average of 54.3 seconds) . It has shown high sensitivity (1.0) and moderate specificity (0.71), making it an effective tool for guiding further evaluations for ADHD in primary care .
Adolescents and College Students
Although initially designed for adults, the ASRS has also been validated for use in adolescents. Studies have shown that the ASRS is a reliable self-report rating scale for adolescents, helping clinicians establish a baseline measure of symptoms and monitor treatment response 45. In college students, the ASRS has been found to be a reliable and cost-effective method for documenting ADHD symptoms and impairment .
Neural Correlates
Research has also explored the neural correlates of the ASRS. Functional MRI studies have shown significant correlations between ASRS scores and brain activity in regions associated with attention, such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) . This suggests that the ASRS is sensitive to attentional difficulties, even in populations with comorbid conditions like bipolar disorder .
Diagnostic Accuracy and Agreement with Clinician Ratings
The ASRS has shown high agreement with clinician-rated scales. For example, the ASRS and the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS) have high correlations, extending to both core DSM symptoms and additional symptoms related to emotional dysfunction and dyscontrol . This high level of agreement underscores the ASRS's utility in both self-report and clinical settings.
Conclusion
The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a validated, reliable, and versatile tool for screening ADHD in various populations and settings. Its short form, the ASRS-V1.1, is particularly effective in primary care due to its high sensitivity and ease of use. The ASRS's applicability extends to adolescents and college students, and it shows strong agreement with clinician-rated scales, making it a valuable instrument for both self-assessment and clinical evaluation of ADHD.
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