Adult human dental formula

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Adult Human Dental Formula: Structure and Evolution

Dental Formula Structure in Adult Humans

The adult human dental formula is a way to represent the number and types of teeth in one half of the mouth, both upper and lower jaws. In adult humans, the typical dental formula is 2.1.2.3. This means that in each quadrant (one-fourth of the mouth), there are 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars. When considering the full mouth, this results in a total of 32 teeth: 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, and 12 molars, including the third molars (wisdom teeth) if all are present .

Evolutionary Context of the Human Dental Formula

The human dental formula is part of a broader evolutionary trend among mammals. Humans are classified as omnivores and have both incisors and canines, which is typical for species that consume a varied diet. The presence and arrangement of these teeth reflect evolutionary adaptations to changes in diet and food processing. In contrast, other mammals may lack certain types of teeth, such as incisors in some herbivores or canines in rodents, showing different evolutionary paths based on dietary needs .

Variations and Genetic Influences

While the standard adult human dental formula is 2.1.2.3, variations can occur due to genetic factors, such as dental agenesis (missing teeth), which is considered part of an ongoing evolutionary trend in human dentition. These changes are often linked to shifts in eating habits and other environmental influences over time .

Conclusion

The adult human dental formula, 2.1.2.3, reflects both the structure of the human mouth and the evolutionary history of our species as omnivores. This formula is a key characteristic distinguishing humans from other mammals, whose dental formulas have evolved differently based on their diets and ecological niches .

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Most relevant research papers on this topic

Age Estimation by a Dental Method: A Comparison of Lamendin’s and Prince & Ubelaker’s Technique

The Prince and Ubelaker method is more accurate than Lamendin's technique for estimating age at death in Spanish Caucasian and mixed racial populations, highlighting the need for specific formulas for each human group.

Observational StudyHighly Cited

2007·

79citations

·Gretel González-Colmenares et al.

A new method for dental age estimation in adults.

This study developed a new method for estimating dental age in adults, using age-related changes in a sample of 1000 teeth, with promising results compared to previous methods.

Observational StudyHighly Cited

1993·

147citations

·T. Solheim

Adult capped dental payment model applied within a university setting: an Australian reflective case study

A unique adult capitation payment formula in a university setting efficiently utilizes government expenditure on public dental services, provides person-centered care, and utilizes university dental education programs for best practice treatment and holistic care.

Very Rigorous Journal

2021·

0citations

·J. Conquest et al.

Age estimation by pulp/tooth area ratio in upper canines: Cameriere’s method assessed and modified in a Polish population sample using digital panoramic radiography

Cameriere's method can accurately estimate dental age in adults in Poland using a population specific formula.

2020·

1citation

·I. Różyło-Kalinowska et al.

Age estimation by pulp/tooth area ratio in upper canines: Cameriere’s method assessed in a Polish population sample using digital panoramic radiography

Cameriere's method can effectively evaluate dental age in adults in a Polish population using digital panoramic radiography.

Observational Study

2020·

0citations

·Natalie Namięta et al.

An assessment of the versatility of Kvaal's method of adult dental age estimation in Indians.

Kvaal's method of adult dental age estimation in Indians produces large errors due to environmental and genetic factors, making it unsuitable for routine use in estimating age in adult Indians.

Observational StudyHighly Cited

2012·

75citations

·Preeti Kanchan-Talreja et al.

Dental Formulas of Humans and Other Mammals: Classification according to their Evolution

Dental formulas of mammals can be classified into three evolutionary groups based on their number and distribution of teeth, with human beings in the third group.

Literature Review

2018·

0citations

·J. M. González-González

Dental age estimation methods in adult dentitions: An overview

Dental age estimation methods in adult dentitions have various applications and limitations, with newer methods developed by Indian authors offering population-specific formulas for assessing age.

Rigorous Journal

2019·

48citations

·Meenal Verma et al.

Application of the Kvaal method for adult dental age estimation using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

The Kvaal method using CBCT images can accurately estimate adult dental age, but is not suitable for forensic applications and is more time-consuming than traditional radiographs.

Observational Study

2016·

43citations

·T. Y. Marroquin Penaloza et al.

Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived From Adult Human Third Molar Tooth: A Brief Review

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) from adult human third molars show promising characteristics, but heterogeneity in their characteristics may influence their therapeutic potentials.

Literature Review

2021·

43citations

·Ashraf Al Madhoun et al.

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