Anemia blood test
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Anemia Blood Test: Diagnostic Approaches and Innovations
Complete Blood Count (CBC) and Red Cell Indices
The complete blood count (CBC) is a fundamental test in diagnosing anemia. It provides essential information about red cell indices, which can offer clues to the underlying cause of anemia. Specific red cell morphologies can be characteristic of different types of anemia, aiding in the diagnostic process1 7. Additionally, the reticulocyte count is a useful screening tool for hemolysis or blood loss, which are common causes of anemia1.
Point-of-Care (POC) Testing Innovations
Visual and Color-Based POC Tests
Recent advancements have led to the development of point-of-care (POC) tests that allow for rapid and cost-effective anemia screening. One such innovation is a disposable platform that provides visual and color-based results from a single drop of blood. This test has shown high correlation with traditional hematology analyzers and offers a practical solution for self-monitoring anemia, especially in resource-limited settings2. Another similar innovation, AnemoCheck-LRS, has been optimized for diagnosing severe anemia and has demonstrated greater accuracy compared to the WHO Haemoglobin Colour Scale (HCS)3.
Impedance Measurement Systems
A novel approach to anemia diagnosis involves the use of impedance measurement of red blood cells. This system includes a test strip and a hemoglobin meter that measures blood impedance and converts it into hemoglobin concentration. This method has shown superior accuracy and convenience compared to traditional diagnostic devices, making it a promising tool for anemia diagnosis4.
Laboratory and Biochemical Tests
Laboratory testing remains a cornerstone in the diagnosis of anemia. Various hematologic parameters and biochemical tests, such as serum ferritin levels, are used to identify the specific cause of anemia. Serum ferritin radioimmunoassay, in particular, is a powerful test for diagnosing iron-deficiency anemia, with high diagnostic accuracy9. Comprehensive blood tests, including measurements of hemoglobin, platelets, and white blood cells, are essential for a differential diagnosis of anemia6.
Machine Learning and Multi-Class Classification
Machine learning algorithms are being employed to enhance the diagnostic process of anemia. By framing the problem as a multi-class classification (mild, moderate, severe), these algorithms can provide more nuanced diagnostic insights. Techniques such as feature selection and synthetic minority oversampling are used to improve the accuracy of these models, which can help in early detection and intervention5.
Integrated Anemia and Hemoglobin Variant Testing
An innovative POC platform has been developed to perform both anemia detection and hemoglobin variant identification using a single paper-based electrophoresis test. This integrated approach is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions like sickle cell disease alongside anemia, offering high sensitivity and specificity8.
Conclusion
The diagnosis of anemia involves a combination of traditional laboratory tests and innovative point-of-care technologies. Complete blood count and red cell indices remain fundamental, while new POC tests and impedance measurement systems offer rapid and accurate alternatives. Machine learning and integrated testing platforms further enhance diagnostic capabilities, ensuring timely and effective treatment for anemia.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Anemia: Evaluation and Diagnostic Tests.
Anemia diagnosis can be made using a complete blood count, red cell indices, reticulocyte count, and various tests, including molecular testing.
Highly CitedDisposable platform provides visual and color-based point-of-care anemia self-testing.
This disposable, point-of-care anemia test provides a reliable, and cost-effective method for self-screening and self-monitoring of anemia, with comparable sensitivity and specificity to hematology analyzers.
Observational Study
Rigorous JournalAnemoCheck-LRS: an optimized, color-based point-of-care test to identify severe anemia in limited-resource settings
AnemoCheck-LRS is a rapid, inexpensive, and accurate point-of-care test for diagnosing severe anemia in limited-resource settings, providing a more accurate alternative to the WHO Haemoglobin Colour Scale for detecting low Hb levels.
Observational StudyRigorous JournalAnemia Diagnostic System Based on Impedance Measurement of Red Blood Cells
The proposed anemia diagnostic system using impedance measurement of red blood cells is a portable, accurate, and user-friendly device, offering a better alternative to commercial systems.
Multi-class classification algorithms for the diagnosis of anemia in an outpatient clinical setting
Multilayer perceptron network effectively diagnoses mild and moderate anemia in outpatient clinical settings, aiding in early stage prevention and supplement recommendations.
Rigorous JournalInvestigate Significance of the Blood Test in the Differential Diagnosis of Anemia Clinical
Comprehensive blood tests are crucial for accurate clinical diagnosis of anemia, as they reveal changes in peripheral blood hemoglobin, platelets, and white blood cell levels.
Observational StudyLaboratory Assessment of Anemia.
Laboratory testing plays a crucial role in diagnosing anemia and identifying its causes, aiding in the selection of specific and effective therapies.
Point-of-care microchip electrophoresis for integrated anemia and hemoglobin variant testing.
This paper presents a single point-of-care platform that enables integrated anemia detection and hemoglobin variant identification using a single paper-based electrophoresis test, with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for sickle cell disease identification.
Laboratory diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia
Serum ferritin radioimmunoassay is the most powerful test for diagnosing iron-deficiency anemia, with a 0.95 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and can be applied to all patients.
Systematic ReviewHighly Cited