Angina definition
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Summary
8 papers analyzed
These studies suggest angina is a chest discomfort caused by insufficient myocardial oxygen supply, often relieved with rest or nitroglycerin, and serves as a warning sign for potential heart attacks.
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Understanding Angina: Definition and Key Characteristics
Definition of Angina
Angina pectoris, commonly referred to as angina, is a type of chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to a lack of oxygen supply (myocardial ischemia) . The term "angina" is derived from the Latin word "angere," meaning "to strangle," reflecting the sensation of tightness or pressure in the chest.
Typical Angina Symptoms
Typical angina is characterized by substernal chest pain that is often triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress and is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin . The pain can also radiate to other areas such as the arms, jaw, or upper back. This type of angina is usually associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), where the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked, reducing blood flow to the heart .
Atypical Angina Symptoms
Atypical angina symptoms are more common in women and elderly patients. These symptoms can occur both at rest and during stress and are often seen in the context of nonobstructive CAD. Unlike typical angina, atypical symptoms may not always follow the classic pattern of chest pain and can include shortness of breath, fatigue, and nausea.
Unstable Angina
Unstable angina is a more severe form of angina that can occur suddenly and without warning, often at rest. It is considered a medical emergency as it can precede a heart attack (myocardial infarction) . Unstable angina is characterized by new onset, worsening, or rest angina and is associated with a higher risk of adverse cardiac events .
Variant Angina
Variant angina, also known as Prinzmetal's angina, is a rare form of angina that occurs due to a spasm in the coronary arteries, leading to temporary reduction in blood flow. This type of angina typically occurs at rest and can be accompanied by significant changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG). Unlike other forms of angina, variant angina is not usually triggered by physical exertion.
Conclusion
Angina is a clinical manifestation of ischemic heart disease characterized by chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart. It can present in various forms, including typical, atypical, unstable, and variant angina, each with distinct triggers and symptoms. Understanding these differences is crucial for effective diagnosis and management to prevent serious cardiac events.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
3
[WHAT IS AN ANGINA?].
3
3 Citations
1965
9
UNSTABLE ANGINA: REPORT FROM A CANADIAN EXPERT ROUNDTABLE
9
22 Citations
1996