Anxiety disorder prevalence
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Lifetime and Global Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health conditions worldwide, with lifetime prevalence rates estimated at approximately 33–34% in the general population, according to large-scale studies in the US and other countries 12. Globally, about 4% of the population—translating to over 300 million people—are affected by an anxiety disorder at any given time, and the absolute number of cases has increased by more than 50% over the past three decades 37. Despite this rise in total cases, age-standardized prevalence rates have remained relatively stable, suggesting that the increase is largely due to population growth and aging 37.
Prevalence by Region and Country
Prevalence rates of anxiety disorders vary significantly across countries and regions. For example, Portugal, Brazil, Iran, and New Zealand report some of the highest rates, with Portugal reaching up to 8.7% of the population affected . In China, pooled lifetime prevalence rates are lower than in many Western countries, but still show a higher prevalence among women than men, with little difference between urban and rural areas . In Iran, the 12-month prevalence of anxiety disorders is 15.6%, with higher rates among women, unemployed individuals, and those with lower socioeconomic status . A study in Tunisia found an overall prevalence of 5.5%, with panic disorder being the most common subtype .
Age and Gender Differences in Anxiety Disorder Prevalence
Anxiety disorders are prevalent across all age groups, but certain patterns emerge. In children and adolescents, prevalence rates range from about 10% to nearly 12%, with specific phobia and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) being the most common subtypes 89. Girls and women are consistently found to have higher rates of anxiety disorders than boys and men, with women being about 1.66 times more likely to be affected globally 3568. In adults, prevalence tends to decrease with older age, but anxiety disorders often follow a chronic course 27.
Subtypes and Comorbidity of Anxiety Disorders
The most common anxiety disorder subtypes include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and specific phobias 1258. For example, GAD has a lifetime prevalence of about 6.2% in the US, while social anxiety disorder affects about 13% . Comorbidity is high, with many individuals experiencing more than one anxiety disorder or co-occurring mental health conditions such as depression 25810. In children and adolescents, comorbidity rates with other psychiatric disorders can be as high as 57% for those with GAD .
Sociodemographic and Risk Factors
Several sociodemographic factors are associated with higher prevalence of anxiety disorders. These include female gender, lower socioeconomic status, unemployment, and urban residence 3568. In some regions, being a middle-aged, married woman with children is linked to higher risk . Bullying victimization is also identified as a significant risk factor, especially among young people .
Trends and Public Health Implications
Despite the high prevalence and significant burden of anxiety disorders, underrecognition and undertreatment remain common problems worldwide 28. The persistence of symptoms and high rates of comorbidity highlight the need for early detection, prevention, and improved access to effective treatments 189. The global burden of anxiety disorders underscores the importance of targeted public health strategies and further research to address risk factors and disparities in care 37.
Conclusion
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent, affecting about one-third of people during their lifetime and millions globally at any given time. Prevalence rates vary by region, gender, and age, with women and those in high-income or urban areas at greater risk. The chronic nature and high comorbidity of anxiety disorders make them a major public health concern, emphasizing the need for better recognition, prevention, and treatment strategies worldwide.
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