Are antibodies proteins

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Are Antibodies Proteins?

Antibodies as Proteins: Structural and Functional Insights

Antibodies are indeed proteins, a fact supported by extensive research. These specialized proteins are produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. The synthesis and structure of antibodies align them closely with other proteins, despite their unique immunological roles 135.

Composition and Specificity of Antibodies

Antibodies are composed of amino acid sequences that form variable light (VL) and heavy (VH) chains. These chains are linked together to form a functional protein capable of binding to specific antigens. The specificity of antibodies is attributed to the unique sequences and structural conformations of these chains, which allow them to recognize and bind to specific molecular targets 269.

Antibody-Protein Interactions

The interactions between antibodies and antigens are highly specific and are influenced by the physicochemical properties of both the antibody and the antigen. These interactions are crucial for the immune response and have been extensively studied to understand the binding mechanisms and to develop antibody-based therapeutics 67.

Antibodies in Therapeutics

Antibodies have been engineered for various therapeutic applications, including cancer treatment and managing chronic inflammatory conditions. The adaptability and specificity of antibodies make them ideal candidates for biopharmaceuticals. Advances in protein engineering have led to the development of monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates, which have shown significant efficacy in clinical settings 8910.

Conclusion

In summary, antibodies are a specialized class of proteins with unique structural and functional properties that enable them to play a critical role in the immune system. Their proteinaceous nature and the ability to be engineered for specific therapeutic purposes underscore their importance in both biological research and medical applications.

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Most relevant research papers on this topic

The synthesis of antibodies and proteins.

Antibodies' specificity is due to alterations in their secondary or tertiary structure, rather than specific amino acid sequences, and is not controlled by genes.

1959·

41citations

·H. Schultze

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry

Single-chain antigen-binding proteins.

Single-chain antigen-binding proteins show potential advantages over monoclonal antibodies in various applications, such as immunotherapy and diagnostics.

Highly Cited

1988·

1425citations

·R. Birdet al.

Science

Separation of Antibodies from the Serum Proteins.

Antibodies are often found bound to serum proteins, but recent research suggests that they may be free of protein-binding molecules.

1930·

5citations

·M. Frankelet al.

Nature

The antigenic structure of proteins: a reappraisal.

Proteins are one of the most abundant and diverse classes of antigens to which the immune system can respond. These include trarisplantation antigens, anti gens of infectious and parasitic organisms, and allergens. An understanding of host defense mechanisms and of the ability to distinguish self from nonself requires a knowledge of the structural basis for protein antigenicity. The advent of hybridoma technology ( 1 ) to produce monoclonal antibodies, each of which

Highly Cited

1984·

867citations

·D. Benjaminet al.

Annual review of immunology

Investigating antibody specificity using computer graphics and protein engineering

Computer graphics and protein engineering can help explore the molecular origins of antibody specificity in larger protein antigens, advancing our understanding of antibody specificity.

1986·

16citations

·A. Reeset al.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences

Physicochemical determinants of antibody-protein interactions.

This chapter highlights the importance of physicochemical analysis of antibody-protein interactions for effective development and engineering of antibody-based therapeutics, including nanobodies.

2020·

4citations

·Murat Karadaget al.

Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology

Chemistry of antibody binding to a protein.

Antibody recognition to a protein's surface is influenced by local stereochemistry, with least reactive positions clustering in tightly packed regions and most frequently recognized sites forming three-dimensional superassemblies with high local mobility and convex surface shape.

Highly Cited

1987·

232citations

·HM Geysenet al.

Science

Antibody-cytokine fusion proteins: A novel class of biopharmaceuticals for the therapy of cancer and of chronic inflammation.

Antibody-cytokine fusion proteins show potential in cancer therapy and chronic inflammation treatment, with potential for increased therapeutic index and leukocyte infiltration at disease sites.

2019·

55citations

·P. Mureret al.

New biotechnology

Considerations for the Design of Antibody-Based Therapeutics.

Antibody-based therapeutics show promise in treating human diseases due to their stability, specificity, and adaptability, and can be enhanced through protein engineering.

Highly Cited

2020·

178citations

·Dennis R. Gouletet al.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Computational approaches to therapeutic antibody design: established methods and emerging trends

Computational advances in protein modeling and design can significantly impact antibody-based therapeutic development, benefiting from next-generation sequencing data and related drug modalities like nanobodies.

Rigorous JournalHighly Cited

2019·

134citations

·R. A. Normanet al.

Briefings in Bioinformatics

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