Average iq in the general population
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Average IQ in the General Population: Key Findings
Definition and Standardization of Average IQ
IQ, or intelligence quotient, is a standardized measure where the average score in the general population is set at 100, with a standard deviation of 15. This means that most people (about half) have an IQ between 90 and 110, which is considered the average range for intelligence in the general population 23.
Distribution of IQ Scores
The distribution of IQ scores in the general population follows a bell-shaped curve (normal distribution). About 25% of people score above 110 (superior and gifted range), while another 25% score below 90 (slow learner and retarded range). Those with IQs below 70 are classified as intellectually disabled and typically receive special education services .
Historical Trends in Average IQ
Over the past century, there has been a notable increase in average IQ scores, a phenomenon known as the Flynn effect. For example, in the United States, the mean IQ increased by about 13.8 points from 1932 to 1978, indicating that each new generation performed better on standardized IQ tests than the previous one . However, more recent observations suggest that this trend may be reversing in some populations, with average IQ scores starting to decrease slightly, a phenomenon referred to as the reversed Flynn effect .
Current and Projected Average IQ
Recent analyses using large-scale assessments, such as the US National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), confirm that the average IQ in the US population remains close to 100. Projections suggest that by 2060, the average IQ in the US could rise slightly to 102 or 103, depending on demographic trends and educational improvements . These projections also indicate that gaps between different ethnic groups are narrowing, with minority groups showing faster gains in cognitive abilities .
International Comparisons and Controversies
Some studies have reported very low average IQ scores for certain countries, but these findings are widely criticized as being incompatible with established psychological science and are considered invalid by experts in the field . The consensus remains that the global average IQ is centered around 100, with variations due to cultural, educational, and socioeconomic factors.
Conclusion
The average IQ in the general population is set at 100, with most people falling within the 90–110 range. Historical data show a steady increase in average IQ over the 20th century, though recent trends suggest this may be leveling off or slightly reversing in some regions. Projections for the US indicate a small increase in average IQ by 2060, with narrowing gaps between demographic groups. International comparisons should be interpreted with caution, as some reported figures are not supported by mainstream psychological research.
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