Beriberi disease
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers for "beriberi disease"
Understanding Beriberi Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Introduction to Beriberi Disease
Beriberi is a disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), which is essential for carbohydrate metabolism and neural function. The term "beriberi" originates from the Sinhalese phrase meaning "I cannot, I cannot," reflecting the profound weakness associated with the condition . Beriberi can manifest in two major forms: wet beriberi, which affects the cardiovascular system, and dry beriberi, which impacts the nervous system .
Causes and Risk Factors of Beriberi
Thiamine Deficiency
The primary cause of beriberi is a lack of thiamine in the diet. Thiamine deficiency can result from poor dietary intake, chronic alcoholism, or conditions that impair nutrient absorption, such as bariatric surgery 36. Chronic alcoholism is a significant risk factor, as it impairs thiamine absorption and metabolism, leading to a higher incidence of beriberi among alcoholics 27.
Post-Bariatric Surgery Complications
Bariatric surgery, particularly procedures like sleeve gastrectomy, can lead to severe thiamine deficiency due to reduced nutrient absorption. This condition, known as bariatric beriberi, often presents with symptoms of dry beriberi, including peripheral neuritis, ataxia, and paraplegia, typically within 4-12 weeks postoperatively 36.
Clinical Manifestations of Beriberi
Wet Beriberi: Cardiovascular Symptoms
Wet beriberi primarily affects the cardiovascular system, leading to high-output heart failure, edema, and dyspnea. Patients may experience variable pulse rates, transient bradycardia, and blood pressure fluctuations. Severe cases can result in cardiogenic shock and heart failure 124. Hemodynamic studies have shown that wet beriberi is characterized by low peripheral vascular resistance and high cardiac output 89.
Dry Beriberi: Neurological Symptoms
Dry beriberi affects the nervous system, causing peripheral neuropathy, muscle weakness, and in severe cases, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, which includes symptoms like ataxia, confusion, and memory loss. Patients may also experience intense neuropathic pain and motor and sensory loss 36.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Beriberi
Diagnostic Approaches
Diagnosis of beriberi involves a thorough medical history to identify risk factors such as diet, alcohol consumption, and recent surgeries. Laboratory tests to measure thiamine levels and red blood cell transketolase activity are crucial for confirming the diagnosis 45. Imaging studies like roentgenograms and electrocardiograms can help assess cardiac involvement and monitor treatment response .
Treatment Strategies
The cornerstone of beriberi treatment is thiamine supplementation. Prompt initiation of parenteral thiamine can reverse symptoms and prevent irreversible damage. In cases of cardiac involvement, additional treatments like diuretics, digitalis, and oxygen therapy may be necessary . Early recognition and treatment are vital to prevent complications such as myocardial fibrosis and irreversible neurological damage 23.
Conclusion
Beriberi remains a significant health issue, particularly among populations with poor nutrition, chronic alcoholism, and those undergoing bariatric surgery. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management. Thiamine supplementation is the primary treatment, and early intervention can lead to complete recovery in many cases. Awareness and education about this preventable disease are essential for healthcare providers and at-risk populations.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic