Big crunch theory
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Big Crunch Theory: Insights and Applications
Introduction to Big Crunch Theory
The Big Crunch theory is a cosmological model that describes a possible fate of the universe. According to this theory, the universe, after expanding to a certain point, will eventually reverse its expansion and start contracting until it collapses into a singularity, similar to the state from which it originated. This concept has inspired various scientific and mathematical models, including optimization algorithms and theoretical physics frameworks.
Big Bang-Big Crunch Optimization Algorithms
Nature-Inspired Optimization
The Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) optimization algorithm is a novel method inspired by the Big Crunch theory. This algorithm mimics the universe's evolution, where the Big Bang phase generates random solutions, and the Big Crunch phase converges these solutions to a single optimal point. The BB-BC method has shown superior performance compared to traditional genetic algorithms in various benchmark tests1 4 9.
Applications in Operational Problems
The BB-BC algorithm has been effectively applied to large-sized operational problems, including combinatorial optimization tasks such as quadratic assignment, bin packing, and job shop scheduling. Enhancements like elite pools, local search methods, and dynamic population sizes have improved its performance, making it a robust tool for solving complex operational problems4.
Structural Systems Parameter Estimation
Another significant application of the BB-BC algorithm is in the parameter estimation of structural systems. This method is particularly useful in scenarios with limited output data, noise-polluted signals, and no prior knowledge of system parameters. The BB-BC algorithm's simplicity and high convergence speed make it a preferable choice over existing methods7.
Crystal Structure Determination
The BB-BC method has also been combined with simulated annealing to solve crystal structures from powder diffraction data. This hybrid approach has demonstrated significant advancements, achieving good solutions in shorter times compared to traditional methods5.
Theoretical Physics and Big Crunch
M Theory and Big Crunch/Big Bang Transition
In theoretical physics, the Big Crunch theory has been explored within the framework of M theory. Researchers have proposed models where the transition from a Big Crunch to a Big Bang involves the collision of orbifold planes. These models suggest that winding states, including string theory gravitons, can propagate smoothly across the transition, providing a more accurate description than traditional general relativity2.
Quantum Fields in Big Crunch-Big Bang Spacetime
Quantum field theory has also been applied to study the Big Crunch-Big Bang transition. It has been shown that for free fields, there is no particle production from the incoming adiabatic vacuum, and interactions result in finite particle production at the tree level. This approach provides a formal correspondence with quantum field theory on de Sitter spacetime8.
Cosmological Models and Dual Theories
The Big Crunch theory has opened up possibilities for new cosmological models. For instance, in a low-energy supergravity limit of string theory, smooth asymptotically anti-de Sitter initial data can evolve into a Big Crunch singularity. This suggests that the Big Crunch could be an endpoint of evolution even in full string theory, offering insights into cosmic censorship and negative energy solutions3.
Conclusion
The Big Crunch theory, while primarily a cosmological concept, has inspired a range of applications from optimization algorithms to theoretical physics models. The BB-BC optimization algorithm has proven effective in various operational and structural problems, while theoretical explorations in M theory and quantum field theory have provided deeper insights into the universe's potential fate. These interdisciplinary applications highlight the broad impact of the Big Crunch theory on both practical and theoretical fronts.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
A new optimization method: Big Bang-Big Crunch
The Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) method outperforms traditional genetic algorithms and classical genetic algorithms in various benchmark test functions.
Highly CitedM theory model of a big crunch/big bang transition
The M theory model of a big crunch/big bang transition shows that interactions between string theory gravitons and orbifold planes are well-behaved and small gravitational backreactions.
Highly CitedTowards a Big Crunch Dual
The dual conformal field theory can potentially provide a fully quantum description of the cosmological singularity, suggesting the big crunch is an endpoint of evolution even in full string theory.
Highly CitedApplying the big bang-big crunch metaheuristic to large-sized operational problems
The big bang-big crunch metaheuristic (BBBC) effectively manages operational problems by maintaining a good balance between diversity and quality, producing high-quality solutions and outperforming similar metaheuristics.
The hybrid big bang–big crunch method for solving crystal structure from powder diffraction data
The hybrid big bang-big crunch method combined with a simulated annealing algorithm significantly improves crystal structure solution time and accuracy compared to traditional methods.
Sailing through the big crunch-big bang transition
This paper shows that the big crunch-big bang transition can be traced using conserved quantities, despite some divergences, and that the theories can be geodesically complete.
Big Bang-Big Crunch optimization for parameter estimation in structural systems
The Big Bang-Big Crunch optimization method provides better parameter estimation results for structural systems than existing methods, with higher convergence speed and computational simplicity.
Quantum fields in a big-crunch–big-bang spacetime
Quantum field theory in a big-crunch-big-bang spacetime can predict the transition between a single extra dimension shrinking to zero and reexpanding at the same rate, with no particle production for free fields.
Highly CitedBig Bang-Big Crunch Algorithm
The Big Bang-Big Crunch algorithm, inspired by the Big Bang Theory, aims to steer particles towards the global optimum by transforming energy dissipation into a cyclic process of contraction and dispersing.
From big crunch to big bang
A universe contracting towards a big crunch can transition to an expanding big bang universe, potentially leading to new cosmological models and a simplification of the ekpyrotic scenario.
Highly Cited