Breast cancer statistics
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Breast Cancer Statistics: An Overview
Rising Incidence Rates of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer incidence rates have shown a consistent increase over the past few decades. From 2010 to 2019, the incidence rate rose by 0.5% annually, primarily due to localized-stage and hormone receptor-positive disease. This trend is not new; between 2012 and 2016, the incidence rate increased by 0.3% per year. Historically, the incidence rates have varied by race and ethnicity, with higher rates observed in developed countries. Notably, the incidence rates among non-Hispanic Black and Asian/Pacific Islander women increased from 2008 to 2012, while rates among non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaska Native women remained stable.
Declining Mortality Rates
Despite the rising incidence, breast cancer mortality rates have been on a steady decline since their peak in 1989. From 1989 to 2020, the death rate dropped by 43%, translating to 460,000 fewer breast cancer deaths. This decline has been observed across all racial/ethnic groups except American Indians/Alaska Natives, where the rates have remained stable . The decline in mortality rates has been attributed to improvements in early detection and treatment.
Racial Disparities in Mortality
A significant racial disparity in breast cancer mortality persists. Black women have a 40% higher death rate compared to White women, despite having a lower incidence rate . This disparity is even more pronounced among younger women under 50, where the death rate is double for Black women compared to White women . The lowest 5-year relative survival rates are also observed among Black women for almost all molecular subtypes and stages of the disease.
Impact of Socioeconomic Status
Socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in breast cancer outcomes. Women residing in poorer areas have experienced slower declines in mortality rates compared to those in affluent areas. Screening rates are also lower among poor women, with only 51.4% having undergone a mammogram in the past two years compared to 72.8% of non-poor women. This disparity in access to high-quality screening and treatment services contributes to the observed differences in mortality rates.
Importance of Screening and Early Detection
Screening and early detection are vital in reducing breast cancer mortality. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends biennial screening mammography for women aged 50-74 years. Increased mammography use has been strongly correlated with higher incidence rates of hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, which have a better prognosis. Encouraging regular mammography and clinical breast exams, especially among high-risk groups, is essential for early detection and improved survival rates.
Conclusion
While significant progress has been made in reducing breast cancer mortality, challenges remain, particularly in addressing racial and socioeconomic disparities. Continued efforts to expand access to high-quality screening, early detection, and treatment services are crucial for further reducing the burden of breast cancer and ensuring equitable outcomes for all women.
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