B-site doping with Zn or Cd in perovskite solar cells
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
B-site Doping with Zn or Cd in Perovskite Solar Cells: Performance and Stability
Zn Doping in Perovskite Solar Cells: Efficiency, Stability, and Defect Reduction
B-site doping with zinc (Zn) has been shown to significantly improve the performance of various perovskite solar cells. In Cs₂AgBiBr₆ perovskites, introducing Zn²⁺ cations increases power conversion efficiency (PCE) by 45.9% and enhances short-circuit current density by 26.6%. This improvement is mainly due to suppressed charge recombination, better electron extraction at the TiO₂/perovskite interface, and reduced trap density. Additionally, Zn doping helps maintain nearly 90% of the initial PCE after long-term environmental and heat stress, indicating improved device stability .
Similarly, in CsPbIBr₂ perovskite films, Zn halide doping enhances crystallinity, improves surface morphology, and reduces internal defect density. These changes suppress non-radiative recombination, leading to higher device efficiency. For example, ZnI₂-doped CsPbIBr₂ solar cells achieve an efficiency of 8.15%, outperforming undoped counterparts . In MAPbI₂Br perovskites, 2% Zn doping increases grain size, lowers trap-state densities, and shifts the conduction band edge, resulting in better carrier transport and a PCE of 9.37% .
Cd Doping in Perovskite Solar Cells: Enhanced Conductivity and Device Performance
Cadmium (Cd) doping, particularly in NiOx films used as hole transport layers (HTLs), has been found to enhance p-type conductivity. Cd²⁺ reduces the formation energy of Ni vacancies, creating more vacancies and thus increasing conductivity. This leads to deeper valence band edges, reduced recombination losses, and improved hole extraction and transport. Perovskite solar cells using Cd-doped NiOx HTLs demonstrate high efficiency (20.47%), high photocurrent density, and excellent stability .
Optical and Structural Effects of Zn and Cd Doping
Doping with Zn or Cd can also influence the optical properties of perovskite materials. For example, Zn²⁺ doping in one-dimensional ABX₃ perovskites causes a blue-shift in emission, while Cd-based perovskites exhibit direct band gaps suitable for optoelectronic applications. These modifications can be tailored for both light emission and photovoltaic uses .
General Impact of B-site Doping on Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
B-site doping, including with Zn and Cd, is recognized as a practical strategy to address key challenges in inorganic perovskite solar cells. It helps stabilize phase structures, tune bandgaps, and reduce defect traps, all of which contribute to improved photovoltaic performance and device longevity .
Conclusion
B-site doping with Zn or Cd in perovskite solar cells leads to notable improvements in efficiency, stability, and optoelectronic properties. Zn doping is particularly effective in reducing defects and enhancing charge transport, while Cd doping boosts p-type conductivity in HTLs. Both strategies are promising for advancing the performance and durability of perovskite solar cells for future applications Jellali2022Ou2022Chen2021+3 MORE.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
Zn2+ and Cu2+ doping of one-dimensional lead-free hybrid perovskite ABX3 for white light emission and green solar cell applications
The Cu doped ABX3 hybrid perovskite shows potential for both white-light emission and photovoltaic solar cells due to its good visible-light absorber properties.
Boosting the stability and efficiency of Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite solar cells via Zn doping
Zn doping significantly increases the efficiency and stability of Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite solar cells by 45.9%, providing a new route for high-performance and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.
Improving the Stability and Optoelectronic Properties of All Inorganic Less‐Pb Perovskites by B‐Site Doping for High‐Performance Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
B-site doping improves the stability and optoelectronic properties of inorganic perovskite solar cells by partially substituting Pb2+ with other metal ions, resulting in higher photovoltaic performance.
DOI