Calcium carbonate vitamin d3
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The Role of Calcium Carbonate and Vitamin D3 in Health
Calcium Carbonate and Vitamin D3 for Bone Health in HIV-Infected Adolescents
Calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 supplementation have shown promising results in improving bone health among adolescents living with HIV. A large-scale trial involving 840 children aged 11-19 years demonstrated that weekly high-dose vitamin D3 (20,000 IU) combined with daily calcium carbonate (500 mg) significantly improved bone mineral content and density over 48 weeks. This intervention is crucial for addressing growth failure and delayed puberty, common complications in HIV-infected children .
Prevention of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
Calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 supplementation have also been effective in reducing hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. A study involving 60 pregnant women revealed that those receiving calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 had significantly lower diastolic and systolic blood pressure levels at delivery compared to those receiving standard pregnancy care. Additionally, the supplemented group exhibited higher blood calcium levels and a reduced incidence of hypertensive disorders and adverse events, highlighting the clinical benefits of this supplementation during pregnancy .
Impact on Colorectal Adenomas and Cancer
Despite epidemiological evidence suggesting that higher intake of calcium and vitamin D may reduce the risk of colorectal neoplasia, randomized trials have shown mixed results. A study with 2,259 participants found that daily supplementation with vitamin D3 (1,000 IU) and calcium carbonate (1,200 mg) did not significantly reduce the risk of recurrent colorectal adenomas over 3 to 5 years . Similarly, another trial involving 36,282 postmenopausal women found no significant reduction in the incidence of colorectal cancer with daily supplementation of calcium (1,000 mg) and vitamin D3 (400 IU) over seven years .
Effects on Bone Fractures in Postmenopausal Women
The efficacy of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in preventing fractures among postmenopausal women has been debated. A study with 36,282 participants found that while supplementation resulted in a small but significant improvement in hip bone density, it did not significantly reduce the risk of hip fractures. However, there was an increased risk of kidney stones among those receiving the supplements . Another study confirmed that daily intake of calcium and vitamin D3 increased intestinal calcium absorption, as evidenced by higher serum calcium levels and reduced parathyroid hormone levels .
Cardiovascular Health and Coronary Artery Calcification
The relationship between calcium and vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular health has also been explored. A study within the Women's Health Initiative found that moderate doses of calcium (1,000 mg) and vitamin D3 (400 IU) did not significantly alter coronary artery calcified plaque burden among postmenopausal women, suggesting no adverse effect on coronary artery health . However, another trial indicated a higher incidence of coronary mortality among those taking a combination of calcium, vitamin D3, and anabolic steroids, warranting caution in certain populations .
Conclusion
Calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 supplementation offer significant benefits in specific populations, such as improving bone health in HIV-infected adolescents and reducing hypertensive disorders in pregnant women. However, their impact on colorectal adenomas, cancer prevention, and fracture risk in postmenopausal women remains inconclusive. Additionally, while generally safe, these supplements may pose risks such as kidney stones and potential cardiovascular concerns in certain groups. Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects and optimize the use of these supplements for various health outcomes.
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