Can Losing Weight Lower Cholesterol

Can Losing Weight Lower Cholesterol?

Weight Loss and Total Cholesterol (TC) Reduction

Research consistently shows that weight loss can lead to significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC). A meta-analysis of 70 studies found that weight reduction through dieting was associated with significant decreases in TC, with a correlation coefficient of 0.32, indicating a moderate positive relationship between weight loss and TC reduction. Another systematic review of long-term studies confirmed that for every 10 kg of weight loss, there is an expected drop of 0.23 mmol/L in cholesterol levels.

Impact on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C)

Weight loss also positively affects low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), often referred to as "bad" cholesterol. The same meta-analysis reported significant decreases in LDL-C with a correlation coefficient of 0.29. Additionally, a study on abdominally obese men showed that diet-induced weight loss decreased cholesterol synthesis, which is beneficial for lowering LDL-C levels.

High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) Changes

The effects of weight loss on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), or "good" cholesterol, are more complex. While some studies indicate that HDL-C levels increase with weight loss, the extent of this increase can vary. For instance, a study found that HDL-C levels increased by 0.009 mmol/L for every kilogram of weight loss in subjects who maintained their reduced weight. However, another study noted that HDL-C levels might initially decrease during active weight loss but return to baseline levels once weight is stabilized.

Triglycerides (TGs) and Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C)

Weight loss has a favorable impact on triglycerides (TGs) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). The meta-analysis highlighted significant decreases in both TGs and VLDL-C, with correlation coefficients of 0.32 and 0.38, respectively. These reductions are crucial as high levels of TGs and VLDL-C are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

Diet Composition and Weight Loss

The type of diet used for weight loss can also influence cholesterol levels. A systematic review comparing low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets found that low-carbohydrate diets were more effective at improving HDL-C and TG levels, although they might increase LDL-C and total cholesterol in the long term. Another study comparing high and low carbohydrate diets in women found that high carbohydrate diets significantly lowered total and LDL cholesterol, while low carbohydrate diets were more effective at reducing TG levels.

Exercise vs. Dieting

Both exercise and dieting are effective for weight loss and improving lipid profiles. A study comparing these two methods found that both groups experienced significant increases in HDL-C and decreases in TG levels, with no significant differences between the two methods. However, combining exercise with a hypocaloric diet can enhance the improvement in HDL-C levels, particularly in men.

Conclusion

In summary, losing weight can significantly lower cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides, while potentially increasing HDL-C. The extent of these changes can depend on the method of weight loss and the composition of the diet. Both dieting and exercise are effective strategies, and combining them may offer additional benefits. Therefore, weight loss should be encouraged as a viable approach to improving cholesterol levels and reducing cardiovascular risk.

Summary

Consensus Meter