Can metoprolol cause weight gain
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Metoprolol and Weight Gain: Analyzing the Evidence
Introduction to Metoprolol and Weight Gain
Metoprolol, a beta-blocker commonly prescribed for hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions, has been scrutinized for its potential side effects, including weight gain. This article synthesizes findings from multiple studies to provide a clear understanding of the relationship between metoprolol and weight gain.
Evidence from the GEMINI Trial
Weight Gain in Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients
The Glycemic Effect in Diabetes Mellitus: Carvedilol-Metoprolol Comparison in Hypertensives (GEMINI) trial provides significant insights into the effects of metoprolol on body weight. In this study, patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension were observed over five months. The results indicated that patients treated with metoprolol tartrate experienced a significant mean weight gain of 1.19 kg, whereas those treated with carvedilol did not show a significant weight change. This weight gain was particularly pronounced in patients with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m².
Comparison with Other Treatments
Weight Reduction vs. Metoprolol in Hypertensive Patients
A randomized placebo-controlled trial compared weight reduction strategies with metoprolol treatment in overweight patients with mild hypertension. The study found that the weight-reduction group lost an average of 7.4 kg, which was significantly more effective in reducing blood pressure than metoprolol. Additionally, the metoprolol group experienced adverse effects on plasma lipids, which were not observed in the weight-reduction group. This suggests that while metoprolol is effective in managing hypertension, it may contribute to weight gain and negatively impact lipid profiles.
Metoprolol in Chronic Heart Failure Patients
Reversal of Cachexia
In patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and cachexia, metoprolol therapy was associated with weight gain and a decrease in plasma cytokine levels, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. This indicates that metoprolol may help reverse cachexia in CHF patients by promoting weight gain and reducing inflammation. However, this weight gain is context-specific and may not be directly applicable to the general population.
Conclusion
The evidence suggests that metoprolol can indeed cause weight gain, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This effect is more pronounced in individuals with higher BMI. While metoprolol is effective in managing cardiovascular conditions, its potential to promote weight gain and adversely affect lipid profiles should be considered when prescribing this medication. Alternative treatments or lifestyle modifications may be more beneficial for patients concerned about weight gain.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic