Cannabichromene (CBC) pharmacological effects
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Cannabichromene (CBC) Pharmacological Effects
Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic (Antinociceptive) Properties
Cannabichromene (CBC) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid from Cannabis sativa with notable anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive (pain-reducing) effects. Studies show that CBC reduces inflammation in both in vitro and in vivo models by inhibiting key inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and by downregulating the NF-kB and MAPK pathways . In animal models, CBC also reduces paw edema and shows additive anti-inflammatory effects when combined with THC, though its mechanism does not involve the classic CB1 or CB2 cannabinoid receptors 125. CBC’s antinociceptive effects have been demonstrated in various pain models, including mechanical, thermal, and chemical pain tests, suggesting it may help manage both acute and chronic pain 26.
Mechanisms of Action and Receptor Targets
Unlike THC, CBC’s pharmacological actions are not mediated by CB1 or CB2 receptors in most contexts. Instead, CBC activates transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, particularly TRPA1, which are involved in pain and inflammation signaling 248. Both (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of CBC act as strong agonists at TRPA1 channels . In cancer cell models, CBC induces cell death in human pancreatic cancer cells through CB2 and TRPV receptor activation, and also triggers ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death . In atopic dermatitis models, CBC suppresses Th2 cytokines and the JAK/STAT pathway, reducing skin inflammation and immune response .
Antioxidant and Organ Effects
CBC increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the liver, kidney, and blood, suggesting a protective effect against oxidative stress . However, higher doses may cause some adverse effects, including increased malondialdehyde (a marker of oxidative stress) and histological changes in liver and kidney tissues, indicating potential toxicity at certain levels .
Antibacterial, Anticonvulsant, and Other Therapeutic Potentials
Preliminary research suggests CBC may have antibacterial and anticonvulsant properties, though these effects require further investigation . CBC is also being explored for its potential antidepressant, neuroprotective, and anti-acne effects, largely through TRP channel activation and inhibition of inflammatory pathways 27.
Pharmacokinetics and Drug Interactions
CBC is not a substrate or inhibitor of major drug transporters ABCB1 or ABCG2, which is favorable for its therapeutic development as it reduces the risk of drug-drug interactions . Its pharmacokinetics, including absorption and brain penetration, are variable and influenced by dose, formulation, and route of administration. More clinical research is needed to fully understand its pharmacokinetic profile and optimize its medical use .
Safety and Research Gaps
While CBC is available in over-the-counter products and is widely used, there is limited evidence regarding its long-term safety and efficacy in humans. Most current data come from preclinical studies, and more clinical trials are needed to confirm its therapeutic potential and safety profile 210.
Conclusion
Cannabichromene (CBC) exhibits promising anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and potential anticancer effects through mechanisms distinct from THC and CBD, primarily involving TRP channels and non-cannabinoid receptor pathways. While preclinical evidence supports its therapeutic potential in pain, inflammation, skin disorders, and possibly cancer, further research—especially clinical studies—is essential to establish its safety, efficacy, and optimal use in medicine 12345678+2 MORE.
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