Cannabidiol inflammation
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Cannabidiol (CBD) and Its Impact on Inflammation
Introduction to Cannabidiol and Inflammation
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive compound derived from the Cannabis sativa plant, known for its potential therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory effects. This article synthesizes recent research on the impact of CBD on inflammation, drawing from various studies to provide a comprehensive overview.
CBD and Inflammation in Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
A pilot study investigated the effects of CBD on inflammation, performance, and pain following eccentric exercise in humans. Participants were given either a placebo, a low dose, or a high dose of CBD oil. The study found no significant differences in inflammation markers (IL-6) between the conditions, although there was a visible increase in IL-6 in the placebo group that was not observed in the CBD groups. This suggests a potential, albeit statistically non-significant, anti-inflammatory effect of CBD in this context1.
CBD's Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Acute Lung Injury
In a murine model of acute lung injury, CBD demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory properties. A single dose of CBD reduced leukocyte migration, myeloperoxidase activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF and IL-6). The study also highlighted the role of the adenosine A2A receptor in mediating these effects, as blocking this receptor negated the anti-inflammatory benefits of CBD2.
CBD in Multiple Sclerosis and CNS Inflammation
Research using a viral model of multiple sclerosis (MS) showed that CBD could reduce inflammation in the central nervous system. CBD decreased leukocyte transmigration, downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β), and reduced microglial activation. These effects were partly mediated by the adenosine A2A receptor, indicating a potential therapeutic role for CBD in inflammatory CNS conditions3.
CBD and Gut Inflammation
A study on the human gastrointestinal tract found that CBD reduced inflammation-induced hyperpermeability. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that CBD decreased the flux of inflammatory markers and prevented the reduction of tight junction proteins in the gut. These findings suggest that CBD could be beneficial in treating conditions like inflammatory bowel disease4.
Systematic Review of Cannabinoids and Cytokine Responses
A systematic review of in vivo studies confirmed that CBD consistently reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6. The review highlighted that CBD, alone or in combination with other cannabinoids, exerts a predominantly anti-inflammatory effect, unlike THC, which did not show similar benefits5.
CBD and Skin Inflammation
CBD has also been shown to regulate inflammation in skin cells. In keratinocytes exposed to UV radiation, CBD enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibited the NF-κB pathway, reducing inflammation. This suggests potential applications for CBD in protecting skin from inflammatory damage6.
CBD in Chronic Pain and Inflammation
In rat models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain, CBD reduced hyperalgesia and inflammation. The study noted that CBD's effects were associated with a reduction in pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers, further supporting its anti-inflammatory potential7.
CBD in Allergic Contact Dermatitis
CBD was found to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines in a model of allergic contact dermatitis. This effect was mediated through CB2 and TRPV1 receptors, indicating that CBD could be useful in treating inflammatory skin conditions8.
Molecular Mechanisms of CBD's Anti-Inflammatory Effects
CBD's anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties are linked to its modulation of various chemokines, cytokines, and receptor-mediated pathways. CBD influences the activity of NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, contributing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects9.
Conclusion
The body of research indicates that CBD has significant anti-inflammatory properties across various models and conditions. Its effects are mediated through multiple pathways, including the adenosine A2A receptor, CB2 receptor, and TRPV1 receptor. These findings support the potential therapeutic use of CBD in treating inflammatory diseases, although further research, particularly in human clinical trials, is necessary to fully understand its efficacy and mechanisms.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
A Pilot Study on Cannabidiol (CBD) and Eccentric Exercise: Impact on Inflammation, Performance, and Pain.
CBD oil does not significantly reduce inflammation, performance, or pain after eccentric exercise in humans.
RCTCannabidiol, a non-psychotropic plant-derived cannabinoid, decreases inflammation in a murine model of acute lung injury: role for the adenosine A(2A) receptor.
Cannabidiol has anti-inflammatory effects in a murine model of acute lung injury, likely due to increased extracellular adenosine and signaling through the adenosine A(2A) receptor.
Non-RCT
Animal Study
Highly CitedCannabidiol provides long-lasting protection against the deleterious effects of inflammation in a viral model of multiple sclerosis: A role for A2A receptors
CBD provides long-lasting protection against inflammation in a viral model of multiple sclerosis, with potential therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory pathologies.
Non-RCTAnimal Study
Rigorous JournalHighly CitedPalmitoylethanolamide and Cannabidiol Prevent Inflammation-induced Hyperpermeability of the Human Gut In Vitro and In Vivo-A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Controlled Trial.
Palmitoylethanolamide and cannabidiol can prevent inflammation-induced hyperpermeability of the human gut in vitro and in vivo, potentially benefiting patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
RCT
Very Rigorous JournalHighly CitedThe Effects of Cannabinoids on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies.
CBD, CBG, and CBD+THC combination show a predominantly anti-inflammatory effect in vivo, while THC alone does not reduce pro-inflammatory or increase anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Systematic ReviewHighly CitedCannabidiol Regulates the Expression of Keratinocyte Proteins Involved in the Inflammation Process through Transcriptional Regulation
CBD enhances antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces inflammation in UV-irradiated keratinocytes, potentially benefiting skin protection.
In Vitro StudyHighly CitedThe non-psychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol is an orally effective therapeutic agent in rat chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
Cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive component of cannabis, effectively reduces chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain in rats, suggesting potential therapeutic use in chronic painful states.
Non-RCTAnimal StudyHighly CitedAnti-inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol, a Nonpsychotropic Cannabinoid, in Experimental Allergic Contact Dermatitis
CBD, a nonpsychotropic cannabinoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in an experimental model of allergic contact dermatitis, without causing cytotoxic effects.
In Vitro StudyHighly CitedA molecular basis for the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrosis properties of cannabidiol
CBD's anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties are based on modulating chemokines/cytokines and reactive oxygen species production and scavenging enzymes.
Literature ReviewRigorous JournalCannabidiol and palmitoylethanolamide are anti-inflammatory in the acutely inflamed human colon.
Cannabidiol (CBD) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) are anti-inflammatory in the human colon, but not in cultured epithelial cells.
In Vitro StudyHighly Cited