Causes Of Heart Palpitations

Heart palpitations, characterized by sensations of a rapid or irregular heartbeat, can be caused by a variety of factors. Understanding these causes is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. This article synthesizes findings from multiple research studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the causes of heart palpitations.

Cardiac Arrhythmias and Heart Conditions

Common Arrhythmias

Cardiac arrhythmias are a primary cause of heart palpitations. These include sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular contractions, and ventricular tachycardia . In a study involving women with symptomatic palpitations, normal sinus rhythm was found in 73% of cases, while sinus tachycardia and premature atrial or ventricular beats accounted for 12% and 7%, respectively.

Structural Heart Diseases

Non-arrhythmic cardiac issues such as mitral valve prolapse, pericarditis, and congestive heart failure can also lead to palpitations . Echocardiographic studies have shown that mitral valve prolapse and other valvular diseases are significant causes of palpitations, particularly in females.

Non-Cardiac Causes

Psychological Factors

Psychological conditions, including anxiety and stress, are common non-cardiac causes of palpitations. Up to one-third of palpitation cases are attributed to psychological causes. Anxiety-induced palpitations are often benign but can significantly impact quality of life .

Systemic Conditions

Systemic non-cardiac conditions such as hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, and vasovagal syncope can also cause palpitations . These conditions affect the heart indirectly by altering the body's physiological state, leading to abnormal heart rhythms.

Medications and Substances

The use of stimulant drugs, over-the-counter medications, and prescription drugs can induce palpitations. Substances like nicotine and alcohol are also known to provoke palpitations .

Diagnostic Approaches

Initial Evaluation

A thorough history and physical examination are essential for distinguishing between cardiac and non-cardiac causes of palpitations. Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease or symptoms affecting sleep and work are at higher risk for cardiac causes.

Advanced Diagnostic Tools

Ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring is often used when the cause of palpitations is not immediately apparent. Continuous closed-loop event recording and Holter monitoring are effective in capturing intermittent palpitations. Echocardiography is useful for identifying structural heart diseases that may be causing palpitations.

Conclusion

Heart palpitations can arise from a variety of cardiac and non-cardiac causes. Cardiac arrhythmias and structural heart diseases are significant contributors, but psychological factors, systemic conditions, and substance use also play crucial roles. Accurate diagnosis through comprehensive evaluation and targeted diagnostic testing is essential for effective management and treatment of palpitations.

Causes of heart palpitations

Summary

Not a yes or no question