Cbg effects
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Cannabigerol (CBG) Effects: A Comprehensive Overview
Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Health Benefits of CBG
Cannabigerol (CBG) has shown significant potential in promoting skin health and reducing inflammation. In vitro studies reveal that CBG regulates more genes related to skin health than cannabidiol (CBD), including key targets involved in skin inflammation and oxidative stress. CBG has been found to reduce reactive oxygen species levels in human dermal fibroblasts more effectively than vitamin C and inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-1β, -6, -8, and tumor necrosis factor α from various inflammatory inducers1. Clinical studies further support these findings, demonstrating that topical application of CBG serum significantly improves skin barrier function and reduces redness in irritated skin1.
Neuroprotective Effects and Blood-Brain Barrier Protection
CBG exhibits neuroprotective properties, particularly in the context of ischemic conditions. Studies on human brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes under oxygen-glucose deprivation conditions show that CBG reduces levels of interleukin-6 and lactate dehydrogenase, markers of cellular damage. Additionally, CBG decreases DNA damage proteins in astrocytes, suggesting a protective role against ischemic injury2. These findings highlight CBG's potential in protecting the blood-brain barrier and mitigating ischemic stroke damage.
Anxiolytic and Neuromodulatory Effects
CBG has been shown to modulate anxiety-related behaviors and neuromodulatory pathways. In rat models, CBG influences the firing rates of neurons in the locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus, which are critical areas for noradrenergic and serotonergic signaling, respectively. CBG's interaction with α2-adrenoceptors and 5-HT1A receptors suggests it can reduce anxiety-like behaviors, as evidenced by increased time spent in open arms in the elevated plus maze test and reduced latency to feed in the novelty-suppressed feeding test3. These effects are mediated through the 5-HT1A receptor, indicating a specific pathway for CBG's anxiolytic properties.
Therapeutic Potential in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
CBG has demonstrated efficacy in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In a murine model of colitis, CBG treatment reduced colon inflammation markers, normalized cytokine levels, and decreased oxidative stress. The cannabinoid also reduced nitric oxide production in macrophages and reactive oxygen species formation in intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting a multifaceted approach to mitigating IBD symptoms6. These findings support the potential of CBG as a therapeutic agent for IBD.
Anti-Tumor Effects in Colon Cancer
CBG has shown promising anti-tumor effects, particularly in colorectal cancer. It inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells by promoting apoptosis and increasing reactive oxygen species production. CBG's action involves blocking the TRPM8 channel and modulating other receptors such as CB1, CB2, and 5-HT1A. In vivo studies confirm that CBG can inhibit tumor growth and reduce the progression of chemically induced colon carcinogenesis7. These results suggest that CBG could be a valuable component in cancer treatment strategies.
Patient-Reported Benefits and Safety Profile
A survey of patients using CBG-predominant cannabis products reveals high levels of satisfaction with its therapeutic effects, particularly for conditions such as anxiety, chronic pain, depression, and insomnia. Most respondents reported significant improvements in their conditions and preferred CBG over conventional medications. The adverse event profile was benign, with dry mouth and sleepiness being the most common side effects. Notably, withdrawal symptoms were minimal, indicating a favorable safety profile for CBG4.
Conclusion
Cannabigerol (CBG) is emerging as a versatile cannabinoid with a broad range of therapeutic effects. From anti-inflammatory and skin health benefits to neuroprotective and anxiolytic properties, CBG shows promise in various medical applications. Its potential in treating inflammatory bowel disease and inhibiting tumor growth further underscores its therapeutic value. Patient-reported outcomes highlight CBG's efficacy and safety, making it a compelling candidate for further clinical research and therapeutic use.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
In Vitro and Clinical Evaluation of Cannabigerol (CBG) Produced via Yeast Biosynthesis: A Cannabinoid with a Broad Range of Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Health-Boosting Properties
CBG, a minor non-psychoactive cannabinoid produced via yeast fermentation, shows potential as a safe and effective topical ingredient for improving skin health, with potential advantages over CBD in certain areas.
Protective Effects of Cannabidivarin and Cannabigerol on Cells of the Blood–Brain Barrier Under Ischemic Conditions
Cannabidivarin and cannabigerol show protective effects against ischemic stroke-related damage in blood-brain barrier cells, warranting further investigation in ischemic stroke.
Systematic ReviewCannabigerol modulates α2-adrenoceptor and 5-HT1A receptor-mediated electrophysiological effects on dorsal raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus neurons and anxiety behavior in rat
Cannabigerol reduces anxiety by hindering the inhibitory effect of selective 2-adrenoceptor and 5-HT1A receptor agonists on neuron firing rate in rat brain slices.
Non-RCT
Animal StudySurvey of Patients Employing Cannabigerol-Predominant Cannabis Preparations: Perceived Medical Effects, Adverse Events, and Withdrawal Symptoms.
CBG-predominant cannabis is highly effective for treating anxiety, chronic pain, depression, and insomnia, with a benign adverse event profile and negligible withdrawal symptoms.
Observational StudyPharmacological Aspects and Biological Effects of Cannabigerol and Its Synthetic Derivatives
Cannabigerol (CBG) shows potential as a therapeutic agent for various disorders due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
Rigorous JournalBeneficial effect of the non-psychotropic plant cannabinoid cannabigerol on experimental inflammatory bowel disease.
Cannabigerol reduces inflammation in mice, potentially benefiting inflammatory bowel disease patients by modulating nitric oxide production and oxidative stress.
Non-RCTAnimal Study
Highly CitedColon carcinogenesis is inhibited by the TRPM8 antagonist cannabigerol, a Cannabis-derived non-psychotropic cannabinoid.
Cannabigerol, a non-psychotropic cannabinoid, inhibits colon cancer progression and selectively inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells, suggesting potential for colon cancer prevention and cure.
In Vitro StudyHighly CitedNeuroprotective and Neuromodulatory Effects Induced by Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol in Rat Hypo-E22 cells and Isolated Hypothalamus
CBD and CBG both modulate hypothalamic neuromodulators, with CBD showing anorexigenic effects and CBG suggesting alternative mechanisms.
In Vitro StudyRigorous JournalInteraction between non-psychotropic cannabinoids in marihuana: effect of cannabigerol (CBG) on the anti-nausea or anti-emetic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in rats and shrews
Moderate doses of CBG and CBD may oppose each other at the 5-HT1A receptor in regulating nausea and vomiting in rats and shrews.
Non-RCTAnimal StudyRigorous JournalHighly CitedCannabigerol Action at Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 Receptors and at CB1–CB2 Heteroreceptor Complexes
Cannabigerol (CBG) is a partial agonist of CB2 receptor and effectively regulates endocannabinoid signaling, with potential therapeutic applications in treating various diseases.
In Vitro StudyHighly Cited