Cerebral infarction definition
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Definition and Understanding of Cerebral Infarction
Introduction to Cerebral Infarction
Cerebral infarction, commonly known as ischemic stroke, is a condition characterized by the death of brain cells due to prolonged lack of blood flow and oxygen to the brain. This condition is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide, necessitating a clear and uniform definition to aid in diagnosis and treatment 1.
Universal Definition of Cerebral Infarction
Recent advancements in diagnostic imaging, such as diffusion MRI and cerebral blood volume CT, have led to a proposed universal definition of cerebral infarction. It is defined as brain or retinal cell death due to prolonged ischemia, encompassing both complete and incomplete infarcts. This definition aligns with the myocardial infarction classification and emphasizes the importance of identifying neuronal or glial cell death 1.
Large Hemispheric Infarction (LHI)
Large hemispheric infarction (LHI) is a severe form of ischemic stroke that affects a significant portion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. It is often associated with life-threatening cerebral edema and has a high mortality rate. LHI is typically caused by cardioembolism or cervical artery dissection and requires prompt medical intervention to prevent malignant cerebral edema 2.
Silent Cerebral Infarcts (SCI)
Silent cerebral infarcts (SCI) are cerebral infarcts detected through imaging without any apparent neurological deficits. They are prevalent in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and are associated with intellectual decline, poor academic performance, and an increased risk of overt stroke. SCIs highlight the importance of regular monitoring and preventive care in at-risk populations 36.
Pathophysiology and Risk Factors
Cerebral infarction results from inadequate oxygen supply to brain tissue due to obstruction of blood flow. This can be caused by various factors, including arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, and inflammation. The final sign of cell damage is marked by nuclear changes in the affected cells 4. Risk factors for cerebral infarction include male sex, lower baseline hemoglobin concentration, higher baseline systolic blood pressure, and previous seizures 3.
Diagnostic and Management Approaches
Diagnosing cerebral infarction involves imaging techniques such as CT scans and MRI. Machine learning models, like the Naïve Bayes Classifier, have shown promise in accurately classifying cerebral infarction cases 4. Management plans based on risk factors are crucial in preventing hemorrhagic conversion and promoting neurological recovery in patients with cerebral infarction 5.
Psychological Interventions
Psychological interventions play a significant role in the rehabilitation of patients with cerebral infarction. These interventions can improve cognitive function, reduce depression, and enhance daily living activities, thereby supporting overall recovery and quality of life 8.
Conclusion
Cerebral infarction is a complex condition with significant implications for patient health and healthcare systems. A clear and uniform definition, along with advanced diagnostic and management strategies, is essential for effective treatment and prevention. Understanding the various forms of cerebral infarction, such as LHI and SCI, and addressing the associated risk factors can lead to better patient outcomes and reduced morbidity and mortality.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Cerebral Edema Associated With Large Hemispheric Infarction.
Large hemispheric infarction (LHI) is a severe ischemic stroke involving the middle cerebral artery, causing life-threatening cerebral edema and rapid neurological decline in more than 50% of patients.
Rigorous JournalSilent cerebral infarcts: a review on a prevalent and progressive cause of neurologic injury in sickle cell anemia.
Silent cerebral infarcts (SCI) are a common and progressive neurologic disease in children with sickle cell anemia, with risk factors including male sex, lower hemoglobin concentration, higher blood pressure, and previous seizures.
Literature Review
Highly CitedNaïve bayes classifier models for cerebral infarction classification
The Nave Bayes Classifier method accurately diagnoses cerebral infarction with up to 92.43% accuracy, making it an efficient classification tool for patients.
The Value of a Management Plan Based on Risk Factors for Cerebral Infarction Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage
Risk factor-based management plans for patients with acute cerebral infarction can reduce the incidence of hemorrhagic conversion and promote neurological recovery.
RCTIntracranial vasculopathy and infarct recurrence in children with sickle cell anaemia, silent cerebral infarcts and normal transcranial Doppler velocities
Baseline intracranial vasculopathy is associated with increased risk of cerebral infarct recurrence in children with sickle cell anaemia, silent cerebral infarcts, and normal transcranial Doppler velocities.
RCTEmerging Spectra of Silent Brain Infarction
Silent brain infarction (SBI) is a poorly understood clinical disorder characterized by incidental findings of cerebral infarction in the absence of clinically apparent neurological deficits.
Literature ReviewRigorous JournalHighly CitedA Psychological Intervention Program for Patients with Cerebral Infarction
Psychological intervention can improve cognitive function and suppress depression in patients with cerebral infarction, enhancing their daily functions compared to traditional rehabilitation care.
RCTCerebral infarction in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Cerebral infarction is an uncommon complication of AIDS in pediatric patients, but should be considered in the work-up of children with neurological deficits, seizures, or mental status changes.
Case Report