Cigarette cessation programs
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Comprehensive Overview of Cigarette Cessation Programs
Adolescent E-Cigarette Prevention and Cessation Programs
Adolescent use of e-cigarettes has surged, necessitating effective prevention and cessation programs. A review identified eight prevention programs, seven cessation programs, and one that addressed both. These programs often included understanding flavored e-cigarette products, countering industry marketing, and developing refusal skills through social learning activities. Most were free, online, and theory-based. However, gaps remain, such as the need for more dedicated e-cigarette materials and rigorous evaluations to enhance effectiveness 1.
Smoking Cessation Interventions for Young Adults
Recent data indicate that young adulthood is a critical period for the onset of cigarette smoking. A systematic review of interventions for U.S. young adults highlighted the effectiveness of social cognitive theory, quitline counseling, and text message programs for short-term cessation. Notably, text message interventions, quit-and-win contests, and multiple behavior interventions showed promise. However, there is a lack of pharmacologic interventions in this demographic 2.
Implementation of Adult Smoking Cessation Programs
The implementation of smoking cessation programs in community settings is crucial for addressing the public health crisis of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. A scoping review aims to evaluate these programs' acceptability, fidelity, scalability, and sustainability. This review will map current knowledge and identify gaps, guiding future research and service delivery improvements 3.
E-Cigarettes as Smoking Cessation Aids
E-cigarettes are increasingly popular among smokers attempting to quit. A systematic review found that while e-cigarettes can alleviate withdrawal symptoms and cravings, the quality of evidence supporting their effectiveness for smoking cessation is low. More well-designed randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies are needed to conclusively determine their long-term efficacy 4.
Mobile Smoking Cessation Programs
Mobile programs like Pivot, which include a carbon monoxide breath sensor, smartphone app, text-based coaching, nicotine replacement therapy, and a web-based community, have shown higher engagement and biovalidated cessation rates compared to traditional apps like QuitGuide. These findings suggest that comprehensive mobile programs can be effective and durable solutions for smoking cessation 5.
Behavioral Interventions for Smoking Cessation
Behavioral interventions, including counseling, motivational components, and various delivery modes, have been systematically reviewed. Text-message support and group delivery were found to be particularly effective. Combining multiple components, such as financial incentives and tailored support, can significantly increase the odds of quitting 6.
Smoking Cessation in Substance Abuse Rehabilitation
Nicotine dependence is prevalent among individuals in substance abuse rehabilitation. A clinical trial demonstrated that smoking cessation treatment, including counseling and nicotine patches, significantly reduced daily smoking and cravings without adversely affecting substance abuse treatment outcomes. This suggests that integrating smoking cessation into substance abuse programs is beneficial 7.
Financial Incentives and E-Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation
A pragmatic trial compared various smoking cessation interventions, including financial incentives, pharmacologic therapies, and e-cigarettes. Financial incentives combined with cessation aids resulted in higher sustained abstinence rates than cessation aids alone. However, free e-cigarettes did not significantly outperform usual care or cessation aids 8.
Teen Smoking Cessation Programs
A meta-analysis of teen smoking cessation programs found that interventions incorporating motivation enhancement, cognitive-behavioral techniques, and social influence approaches were most effective. School-based clinics and classroom modalities also showed higher quit rates, particularly in programs with at least five sessions. These effects were maintained in both short-term and long-term follow-ups 9.
Training Physicians in Smoking Cessation Counseling
Training programs for physicians based on behavioral theory and practice with standardized patients significantly improved counseling quality, smokers' motivation to quit, and abstinence rates at one year. This underscores the importance of equipping healthcare providers with effective counseling skills to support smoking cessation 10.
Conclusion
Cigarette cessation programs vary widely in their approaches and effectiveness. While mobile and behavioral interventions show promise, gaps remain in the implementation and evaluation of these programs. Integrating comprehensive, evidence-based strategies and conducting rigorous evaluations are essential for enhancing the effectiveness of smoking cessation efforts across different populations.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
A Breath of Knowledge: Overview of Current Adolescent E-cigarette Prevention and Cessation Programs
Current adolescent e-cigarette prevention and cessation programs largely incorporate theory and key components, but more evidence-based tools and resources are needed to effectively prevent and stop e-cigarette use.
Systematic Review
Highly CitedSmoking-Cessation Interventions for U.S. Young Adults: Updated Systematic Review.
Text message interventions, quit-and-win contests, and multiple behavior interventions show promise for smoking cessation in U.S. young adults.
Systematic ReviewEvaluating the implementation of adult smoking cessation programs in community settings: Protocol for a scoping review
This scoping review aims to evaluate the implementation of smoking cessation programs for adults aged 18 years or older in community settings, aiming to enhance service delivery, user engagement, and cessation outcomes.
Systematic ReviewElectronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review.
E-cigarettes may be helpful for some smokers in quitting or reducing smoking, but more well-designed and scientifically sound studies are needed to confirm their long-term cessation effects.
Systematic Review
Rigorous JournalHighly CitedOutcomes of a Comprehensive Mobile Smoking Cessation Program With Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Adult Smokers: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Pivot's mobile smoking cessation program with nicotine replacement therapy shows better engagement, retention, and abstinence rates compared to QuitGuide's.
RCTRigorous JournalBehavioural programmes for cigarette smoking cessation: investigating interactions between behavioural, motivational, and delivery components in a systematic review and component network meta-analysis.
Behavioral counselling and financial incentives are the most effective components of smoking cessation support, with text-message delivery showing promise.
Meta-AnalysisRigorous JournalSmoking cessation treatment in community-based substance abuse rehabilitation programs.
Smoking cessation treatment significantly reduces daily smoking and modest smoking abstinence rates without negatively impacting substance abuse rehabilitation when given concurrently with outpatient treatment.
RCTHighly CitedA Pragmatic Trial of E‐Cigarettes, Incentives, and Drugs for Smoking Cessation
Financial incentives combined with free cessation aids resulted in a higher rate of sustained smoking abstinence than free aids alone.
RCT
Large Human TrialRigorous JournalHighly CitedA meta-analysis of teen cigarette smoking cessation.
Teen smoking cessation programs effectively increase the probability of quitting by approximately 46%, with motivation enhancement, cognitive-behavioral techniques, and social influence approaches being most effective.
Meta-AnalysisHighly CitedEfficacy of resident training in smoking cessation: a randomized, controlled trial of a program based on application of behavioral theory and practice with standardized patients.
A training program for physicians based on behavioral theory and practice with standardized patients significantly increased the quality of counseling, smokers' motivation to quit, and rates of abstinence from smoking at 1 year.
RCTHighly Cited