Collagen peptide type ii

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Collagen Peptide Type II: Structure, Function, and Applications

Introduction to Type II Collagen

Type II collagen is a primary structural protein found in cartilage, characterized by its super-helical structure composed of three identical α1(II) chains. This collagen type is crucial for maintaining the integrity of cartilage tissue and is widely utilized in the food industry for various applications .

Extraction and Preparation of Type II Collagen Peptides

Extraction Methods: Type II collagen can be extracted using acids, salts, enzymes, and auxiliary methods. Once extracted, it can be hydrolyzed chemically or enzymatically to produce collagen peptides .

Self-Assembly and Functional Activities: These peptides exhibit excellent self-assembly properties and significant biological activities, including maintaining cartilage integrity, inducing immune tolerance, stimulating chondrocyte growth, and providing antioxidant benefits .

Biological Activities and Health Benefits

Cartilage Integrity and Immune Tolerance: Type II collagen peptides play a vital role in maintaining cartilage tissue integrity and inducing immune tolerance, which is essential for preventing autoimmune responses .

Chondrocyte Growth and Redifferentiation: These peptides stimulate the growth and redifferentiation of chondrocytes, the cells responsible for cartilage formation and maintenance .

Antioxidant Properties: Type II collagen peptides also offer antioxidant benefits, which can help in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the body .

Applications in the Food Industry

Functional Foods and Additives: Type II collagen and its peptides are increasingly used in functional foods, food additives, and as materials for food coatings and edible films. Their ability to self-assemble and their biological activities make them valuable in enhancing the nutritional and functional properties of food products .

Role in Autoimmune Diseases and Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Type II collagen is the most abundant protein in joint cartilage, and autoantibodies against it are found in patients with RA. These autoantibodies target specific epitopes on the collagen, which can be pathogenic or protective. Early detection of these autoantibodies can aid in selecting effective treatment strategies for RA .

Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA): Immunization with type II collagen can induce arthritis in genetically susceptible mice, resembling human RA. Synthetic peptides derived from type II collagen have been shown to prevent the onset of CIA by disrupting antigen presentation .

Synovitis and Cartilage Degradation: The peptide Coll2-1 from type II collagen has been identified as a pro-inflammatory agent that can activate synoviocytes and induce arthritis in animal models. This suggests that neutralizing Coll2-1 could be a potential therapeutic approach for arthritis .

Biomarkers for Cartilage Degradation

HELIX-II and CTX-II: Urinary levels of type II collagen helical peptide (HELIX-II) and C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide (CTX-II) are used as biochemical markers for cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis (OA) and RA. Elevated levels of these markers are associated with increased risk of radiographic progression in RA .

CALC2: The type II collagen C-terminal pro-peptide (CALC2) is another biomarker associated with cartilage formation. Decreased levels of CALC2 have been observed in patients with RA and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), indicating its potential as a marker for cartilage health .

Conclusion

Type II collagen and its peptides are essential for cartilage health and have significant applications in the food industry and medical research. Their role in maintaining cartilage integrity, inducing immune tolerance, and serving as biomarkers for cartilage degradation highlights their importance in both health and disease management. Further research and development could enhance their therapeutic potential, particularly in treating autoimmune diseases like RA and OA.

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Most relevant research papers on this topic

Advanced review on type II collagen and peptide: preparation, functional activities and food industry application.

Type II collagen and collagen peptides have self-assembly properties and important biological activities, making them useful in functional foods, food additives, and other food industry applications.

2023·

14citations

·Pengbo Cui et al.

Differential expression of a cysteine-rich domain in the amino-terminal propeptide of type II (cartilage) procollagen by alternative splicing of mRNA.

Alternative splicing of exon 2 in type II collagen mRNA may alter collagen biosynthesis and fibril formation, potentially affecting chondrocyte differentiation.

In Vitro StudyHighly Cited

1990·

262citations

·M. Ryan et al.

Synthesis of an Array of Triple-Helical Peptides from Type II Collagen for Multiplex Analysis of Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

This study successfully synthesized an array of triple-helical peptides from type II collagen, which can be used for multiplex analysis of autoantibodies in early rheumatoid arthritis patients, potentially aiding in disease prognosis and therapy selection.

In Vitro Study

2020·

6citations

·J. Viljanen et al.

Characterization of the antigenic structure of human type II collagen.

Human type II collagen peptides I and 81 are autoantigens, while peptide 14 is 90% homologous to mouse CII and has homology to heat shock proteins.

In Vitro Study

1996·

40citations

·C. Krco et al.

Covalent structure of collagen. Amino acid sequence of an arthritogenic cyanogen bromide peptide from type II collagen of bovine cartilage.

Alpha 1(II)-CB11 peptide from bovine type II collagen extends the known amino acid sequence to 660 residues, potentially contributing to arthritic symptoms.

In Vitro Study

1989·

30citations

·J. Seyer et al.

A synthetic peptide analogue of a determinant of type II collagen prevents the onset of collagen-induced arthritis.

A synthetic peptide analogue of a type II collagen determinant significantly reduces the incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice.

Non-RCTAnimal Study

1993·

52citations

·L. Myers et al.

Type II Collagen peptide Coll2-1 is an actor of synovitis.

Coll2-1 activates synoviocytes to produce IL-8 and induces arthritis in rats, suggesting that neutralizing Coll2-1 could be a therapeutic approach for arthritis.

Non-RCTAnimal StudyRigorous Journal

2019·

22citations

·C. Lambert et al.

Urinary type II collagen helical peptide (HELIX-II) as a new biochemical marker of cartilage degradation in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Urinary HELIX-II levels are increased in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and are associated with an increased risk of radiographic progression in RA.

Observational StudyHighly Cited

2005·

102citations

·N. Charni et al.

Peptides of type II collagen can induce the cleavage of type II collagen and aggrecan in articular cartilage.

Peptides of type II collagen can induce cartilage degradation and increase collagenase expression in osteoarthritic cartilage, potentially contributing to the development of osteoarthritis.

In Vitro Study

2006·

53citations

·T. Yasuda et al.

A Highly Sensitive Biomarker of Type II Collagen C-Terminal Pro-Peptide Associated with Cartilage Formation

CALC2 may be a novel biomarker for type II collagen formation, with decreased levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis compared to healthy controls.

In Vitro Study

2022·

0citations

·H. Port et al.

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