Collagen types
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Understanding Collagen Types: Structure, Function, and Applications
Collagen Type I: Structure and Applications
Collagen Type I (Col-I) Overview
Collagen Type I is the most abundant collagen in the human body, making up about 90% of the collagen in various tissues such as skin, tendons, bones, and vasculature 1. It is highly biocompatible and mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM), making it a valuable biomaterial in pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, regenerative medicine, and clinical applications 1.
Physicochemical Properties and Applications
Col-I is known for its excellent physicochemical properties, including biocompatibility, sustainability, low immunogenicity, porosity, and biodegradability 2. These properties make it an ideal candidate for bioscaffolds in tissue engineering. Modifications such as crosslinking can enhance its mechanical properties, while adding biochemical factors can improve its biological activity 2.
Collagen Type III: Role in Tissue Structure and Disease
Collagen Type III (Col-III) Overview
Collagen Type III is a fibrillar collagen composed of three alpha1(III) chains and is a major component of the ECM in hollow organs like large blood vessels, uterus, and bowel 4. It plays a crucial role in wound healing and interacts with platelets in the blood clotting cascade 4.
Genetic Implications and Disease Associations
Mutations in the COL3A1 gene, which encodes Col-III, are linked to vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS), a condition that can lead to the rupture of large arteries 4. Studies on mice with inactivated Col3a1 genes have shown that Col-III is essential for normal collagen I fibrillogenesis and cardiovascular development 5.
Collagen Type II: Specialized Functions
Collagen Type II (Col-II) Overview
Collagen Type II is primarily found in cartilage and is crucial for maintaining the structure and function of cartilaginous tissues. It binds significantly more small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) like decorin and biglycan compared to other collagen types, which influences fibrillogenesis and the mechanical properties of the ECM 10.
Other Collagen Types: Specialized Roles and Interactions
Collagen Types XII and XIV
These collagens are part of the fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACITs) family. They mediate interactions between banded collagen fibers and may modulate the biomechanical properties of tissues by promoting collagen gel contraction and increasing the mobility of hydrated collagen fibrils 8.
Collagen Type XIX
Type XIX collagen is another member of the FACIT family and is involved in the differentiation of muscle cells, central nervous system development, and the formation of the esophagus. It has anti-tumor properties, inhibiting melanoma cell migration and invasion, and exerts anti-angiogenic effects by inhibiting MMP-14 and VEGF expression 9.
Conclusion
Collagen types I, III, II, XII, XIV, and XIX each play unique and critical roles in the structure and function of various tissues. Their distinct properties and interactions with other ECM components make them invaluable in medical and biological applications, from tissue engineering to disease treatment. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing effective collagen-based therapies and biomaterials.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Current Insights into Collagen Type I
Collagen type I (Col-I) is a biocompatible protein with potential applications in pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, regenerative medicine, and clinical fields due to its high biocompatibility and acceptable physicochemical properties.
Highly CitedA Comprehensive Review on Collagen Type I Development of Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering: From Biosynthesis to Bioscaffold
Collagen-type-I-based bioscaffolds offer diverse advantages for tissue engineering, including biocompatibility, sustainability, low immunogenicity, and biodegradability.
Rigorous JournalHighly CitedCollagen family of proteins
Fourteen collagen types form diverse structures in connective tissues, basement membranes, and worm cuticle, playing a crucial role in tissue connectivity.
Highly CitedType III collagen (COL3A1): Gene and protein structure, tissue distribution, and associated diseases.
Type III collagen plays a crucial role in hollow organs and blood clotting, and mutations in the COL3A1 gene can cause vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and various fibroses.
Highly CitedType III collagen is crucial for collagen I fibrillogenesis and for normal cardiovascular development.
Type III collagen is crucial for normal collagen I fibrillogenesis in the cardiovascular system and other organs, and its absence leads to shorter life span and rupture of major blood vessels.
Non-RCT
Animal StudyHighly CitedThe collagen family.
Collagens play structural roles in tissues and regulate cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation through their interaction with receptor families.
Highly CitedCollagen types. Molecular structure and tissue distribution.
The collagen superfamily consists of 13 known types, categorized into four classes, with multiple fiber forms and functions in various tissues, including bone.
Highly CitedType XII and XIV collagens mediate interactions between banded collagen fibers in vitro and may modulate extracellular matrix deformability.
Type XII and XIV collagens promote collagen gel contraction by fibroblasts, potentially modulating tissue biomechanical properties through increased mobility of hydrated collagen fibrils.
In Vitro StudyHighly CitedType XIX collagen: A new partner in the interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment.
Type XIX collagen inhibits melanoma cell migration and invasion, and may have anti-tumor properties by inhibiting MMP-14 and VEGF expression.
Fibrillogenesis of collagen types I, II, and III with small leucine-rich proteoglycans decorin and biglycan.
Collagen types I, II, and III show different binding abilities to decorin and biglycan, which could impact their use as scaffold materials for tissue engineering and implant coatings.
In Vitro StudyHighly Cited