Common physical ailments
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Prevalence and Types of Common Physical Ailments
Common physical ailments are widespread in the general population. The most frequently reported symptoms include fatigue, headache, and back pain, with fatigue affecting over half of surveyed adults, followed closely by headaches and back pain . Low back pain, in particular, is recognized as one of the most common physical ailments globally and is a leading cause of disability . Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is also a prevalent condition, affecting about 1 billion people worldwide and contributing significantly to heart attacks and strokes .
Psychological and Social Influences on Physical Symptoms
The experience and reporting of physical symptoms are influenced by psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, and negative mood, as well as by social factors like childhood illness experiences and family interactions 123. People with more negative affectivity or a tendency to focus on bodily sensations are more likely to report physical symptoms . Additionally, negative childhood health experiences and the presence of chronic illness in family members during childhood are linked to a higher number of reported symptoms in adulthood 12.
Comorbidity of Physical and Mental Health Conditions
There is a strong link between common physical ailments and mental health conditions, particularly depression and anxiety. Individuals with chronic physical illnesses often experience higher rates of depression and anxiety, which can worsen their overall health and quality of life 4710. Chronic pain and depression frequently coexist, creating a cycle where each condition can exacerbate the other . This comorbidity is associated with poorer health outcomes, increased healthcare use, and greater challenges in treatment 47.
Physical Disorders in Special Populations
Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) are at increased risk for physical disorders, especially if they also have substance use disorders. Among these patients, hypertension, tardive dyskinesia, and hepatitis C are particularly common . Even without substance use disorders, SMI patients have higher rates of hypertension and endocrine diseases compared to the general population .
Gaps in Education and Management of Persistent Physical Symptoms
Despite the high prevalence of persistent physical symptoms (PPS) such as chronic pain and fatigue, there is a notable lack of education and training for medical students on how to manage these conditions. This gap can lead to inadequate care and increased stigma for patients with PPS . Improving education on chronic non-cancer pain and other PPS is essential for better patient outcomes .
Conclusion
Common physical ailments like fatigue, headache, back pain, and hypertension affect a large portion of the population and are influenced by psychological, social, and lifestyle factors. These ailments often coexist with mental health conditions, creating complex challenges for patients and healthcare providers. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach that includes better education for healthcare professionals, integrated care for comorbid conditions, and attention to the psychological and social factors that contribute to physical symptoms.
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