Copper iud and risk of copper toxicity
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Copper IUD Safety and Copper Toxicity Risk
Research consistently shows that copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) are safe and do not increase the risk of copper toxicity in users. Studies measuring blood copper levels in women using copper IUDs found no significant difference in copper levels between users and non-users, regardless of how long the device was used. Symptoms commonly associated with copper toxicity were not more frequent in IUD users, and the device is recommended for safe use without danger of copper toxicity in the general population .
Systemic Copper Absorption and Toxicity
Multiple studies indicate that the copper released from IUDs primarily causes local effects in the uterus and does not lead to systemic accumulation of copper in the body. The amount of copper released into the body is minimal and unlikely to cause toxicity, even with long-term use. The rate of copper release is highest immediately after insertion but quickly drops to a low, steady level that is maintained for the lifespan of the device 345.
Animal Studies on Chronic and Acute Toxicity
Animal studies using rats exposed to copper IUDs at much higher doses than those used in humans found no evidence of systemic or local toxicity. These studies showed normal growth, organ function, and no significant changes in blood tests or organ structure, even after long-term exposure. Only at extremely high doses, far above what humans would experience, were any toxic effects observed, and these were limited to early embryo development in rats 267.
Special Considerations
While copper toxicity from IUDs is extremely rare, women with chronic liver disease may have a slightly higher risk because their bodies may not process copper as efficiently. However, for the vast majority of users, copper IUDs do not raise blood copper levels or cause toxicity .
Conclusion
Current evidence strongly supports the safety of copper IUDs with respect to copper toxicity. The copper released from these devices remains at levels too low to cause systemic toxicity in healthy users, and both human and animal studies confirm their safety for long-term use 1234567. Copper IUDs remain a reliable and safe contraceptive option for most women.
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