Cosmological definition

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Cosmology: Definition and Scope in Modern Science

Cosmology is the scientific study of the universe as a whole, focusing on its structure, origin, evolution, and eventual fate. Unlike astronomy, which examines individual celestial objects like stars or galaxies, cosmology investigates the universe on the largest possible scales of distance and time, seeking to understand the cosmos as a single, unified entity 128.

Quantitative and Observational Foundations of Cosmology

Modern cosmology is a quantitative field, relying on both theoretical models and empirical observations to describe the universe. Key observations include the cosmic microwave background, large-scale structure, and baryon acoustic oscillations, which provide data for testing and refining cosmological theories . The field has shifted from speculative philosophy to a data-driven science, thanks to advances in observational techniques that allow precise measurements at cosmological distances .

The Cosmological Principle and Universe Models

A central concept in cosmology is the cosmological principle, which states that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic when viewed on sufficiently large scales. This principle underpins the standard cosmological models, such as the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, which describe the universe's geometry and expansion 246. The principle also implies that the laws of physics are the same everywhere in the universe, although some research questions whether this holds true at all times and places 56.

Key Cosmological Parameters and Constants

Cosmology uses several key parameters to describe the universe, including the Hubble constant (which measures the rate of expansion), the density of matter and energy, and the cosmological constant (which relates to dark energy and the universe's large-scale structure) 47. The values of these parameters determine whether the universe is open, closed, or flat, and whether it will expand forever or eventually collapse .

Philosophical and Foundational Issues in Cosmology

Cosmology also raises deep philosophical questions, such as the uniqueness of the universe, the validity of physical laws on cosmic scales, and the nature of time and constants of nature 358. These issues highlight the need for collaboration between cosmology and philosophy to address the broader implications of scientific findings .

Conclusion

In summary, cosmology is the scientific study of the universe as a whole, combining theoretical models, empirical observations, and philosophical inquiry to understand the cosmos on the largest scales. It seeks to answer fundamental questions about the universe's structure, origin, evolution, and fate, making it a central discipline in modern science 1245678.

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Most relevant research papers on this topic

Review of Modern Cosmology

Modern cosmology revolutionizes our understanding of the cosmos through data-driven theory and observations, including the cosmic microwave background, large-scale structure, and baryon acoustic oscillations.

2019·

1citation

·B. Wallisch

The cosmological model of universe: A review

The cosmological model explains the universe's expansion using general relativity, overcoming the shortcomings of the Newtonian theory and providing a basic understanding of the universe's geometry and expansion.

2021·

0citations

·Puneet Kumar Deshwal et al.

Cosmological time and the constants of nature

Cosmological time is the conjugate of the constants of nature, leading to different definitions and a rich structure of alternative states, offering new phenomenology.

2021·

31citations

·J. Magueijo

Cosmological parameters

The universe's evolution depends on the contributions of non-relativistic matter and ultra-relativistic matter, with 12m and 12a being the independent cosmological parameters.

Highly Cited

2017·

343citations

·P. Pal

Cosmology as a science

Cosmology has become an empirical science, but there are grounds for doubting the validity of accepted laws of nature on a cosmological scale due to potential variations in nature's constants, the breakdown of relativity, and the presence of field singularities.

1970·

22citations

·P. Bergmann

Is the observable Universe consistent with the cosmological principle?

The cosmological principle may not be fully consistent with observations, as potential deviations include variations in cosmological parameters and mysterious alignments in quasar polarizations and galaxy spins.

Highly Cited

2022·

164citations

·Pavan K. Aluri et al.

The Cosmological Constant Problem

Weyl invariant theories of gravity can explain the stability of flat space-time, but conformal invariance is spontaneously broken by the vacuum expectation value of an unphysical scalar field, resulting in general relativity as an effective long distance limit.

Highly Cited

1992·

1860citations

·Tony Padilla

The main features of the cosmological picture of the world

Physical cosmology modernizes the scientific picture of the world, but faces worldview-philosophical challenges, requiring a comprehensive update of the philosophy of cosmology to address these issues.

2020·

0citations

·Vasyl Prits et al.

The Cosmological Argument: For and Against

The cosmological argument suggests the existence of a first cause, often referred to as God, but faces criticisms like infinite regress and multiple causes.

2023·

0citations

·Taro Yamada

Contemporary Philosophical Perspectives on the Cosmological Constant

The cosmological constant,, is a unique theoretical entity in science, and its implications for cosmology and philosophy of science require critical examination of core assumptions and core principles.

2022·

8citations

·Adam Koberinski et al.

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