Dental formula in humans

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Human Dental Formula: Structure and Evolution

The dental formula is a way to represent the number and types of teeth in humans and other mammals. In humans, the dental formula reflects both evolutionary history and dietary adaptations. The standard adult human dental formula is 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3, meaning that in each quadrant of the mouth, there are 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars, for a total of 32 permanent teeth. This arrangement places humans in the group of mammals that have both incisors and canines, specifically among omnivores and similar species .

Evolutionary Trends in Human Dentition

The human dental formula has evolved as a result of changes in diet and other evolutionary pressures. Compared to other mammals, humans have retained both incisors and canines, unlike some herbivores (which may lack incisors) or rodents (which may lack canines). The evolutionary trend in human dentition is also influenced by genetic factors, such as dental agenesis (missing teeth), which can be seen as part of a broader evolutionary adaptation to changing eating habits .

Dental Formula in Children

Children have a different dental formula for their primary (deciduous) teeth: 2.1.2/2.1.2, which means 2 incisors, 1 canine, and 2 molars per quadrant, totaling 20 teeth. As children grow, these primary teeth are replaced by the permanent set, which follows the adult dental formula .

Dental Formula and Age Assessment

The dental formula is also important in dental age assessment, especially in children. Methods such as the Cameriere European formula, Demirjian, Haavikko, and Willems are used to estimate dental age based on the development and eruption of teeth. These methods analyze the maturation of specific teeth, particularly the seven left mandibular teeth, to provide accurate age estimates for clinical and forensic purposes .

Conclusion

In summary, the dental formula in humans is 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3 for adults and 2.1.2/2.1.2 for children. This formula reflects both evolutionary history and functional adaptation to an omnivorous diet. The dental formula is not only a key characteristic for classification but also plays a role in age estimation and understanding dental development in humans 14.

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Most relevant research papers on this topic

Dental Formulas of Humans and Other Mammals: Classification according to their Evolution

Dental formulas of mammals can be classified into three evolutionary groups based on their number and distribution of teeth, with human beings in the third group.

Literature Review

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0citations

·J. M. González-González

ORGONALEPTIC TEST OF ROSELLA MOUTHWASH WITH GREEN TEA IN PERIODONTITIS CASES

The mouthwash formula containing rosella tea and green tea effectively inhibits dental plaque growth, but further development is needed for long-term acceptance and better taste.

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Dental Formularies

Dental formularies cover antimicrobials, controlled-release drug delivery, antivirals/antifungal agents, pain management, opioid prescription drug misuse, and oral sedation and glucocorticosteroids.

2020·

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The Dentist's Drug and Prescription Guide

The Cameriere, Haavikko, Demirjian, and Willems methods for the assessment of dental age in Croatian children

The Cameriere European formula is the most accurate and precise method for estimating dental age in Croatian children, with the Demirjian method showing the most significant differences in 11-year-old and 12-year-old females.

Observational Study

2022·

15citations

·H. Brkićet al.

International Journal of Legal Medicine

Chemical Analysis of Human Teeth

New analytical methods have made it easier and faster to analyze the inorganic content of human teeth, revealing three important formulas for tooth structure.

1956·

10citations

·K. Asgar

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MOUTHWASH FORMULATION OF ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) METHANOL EXTRACT FOR INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF STREPTOCCUS MUTANS BACTERIA

A 10% onion methanol extract mouthwash effectively inhibits the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria, providing a moderate strength oral health solution.

2024·

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Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis

Artificial Saliva Formulations versus Human Saliva Pretreatment in Dental Erosion Experiments

Artificial saliva formulations and human saliva in vitro do not accurately reflect the intraoral situation in dental erosion experiments.

In Vitro Study

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·G. R. Batistaet al.

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Fluoride content of infant formulas: soy-based formulas as a potential factor in dental fluorosis.

Soy-based infant formulas contain higher levels of fluoride than milk-based formulas, potentially contributing to the increased prevalence of dental fluorosis in infants and young children.

1988·

51citations

·M. C. McKnight-Haneset al.

Pediatric dentistry

The Effect of Adding Propolis to Formula Milk on The Streptococcus Sobrinus Inhibition Zone (In Vitro)

Adding propolis to formula milk effectively inhibits the growth of Streptococcus sobrinus bacteria, potentially reducing dental caries in children.

RCT

2024·

0citations

·Jurnal Dentaet al.

DENTA

Visual and instrumental shade matching using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color difference formulas.

Using a spectroradiometer, CIEDE2000(2:1:1), and Vita Classical shade guide, the CIEDE2000(2:1:1) color difference formula best represents visual perception of dental students.

Non-RCTHighly Cited

2016·

205citations

·O. Pechoet al.

Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials

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