Does chocolate cause heartburn
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Does Chocolate Cause Heartburn?
Chocolate and Esophageal Acid Exposure
Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) Pressure and Chocolate
Research has demonstrated that chocolate can decrease the mean basal lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure. This reduction in LES pressure is significant because it provides a physiological basis for the development of reflux symptoms after chocolate consumption .
Increased Esophageal Acid Exposure
A study using intraesophageal pH monitoring found that postprandial ingestion of chocolate significantly increased esophageal acid exposure in the first hour after eating, compared to a dextrose control solution. This was particularly evident in patients with esophagitis, suggesting that chocolate can exacerbate acid reflux symptoms in susceptible individuals .
Chocolate and Cardiovascular Health
Chocolate Consumption and Heart Failure Risk
Several studies have explored the relationship between chocolate consumption and heart failure (HF). A meta-analysis of prospective studies indicated that low-to-moderate chocolate consumption (less than 7 servings per week) was associated with a reduced risk of heart failure. However, high consumption (7 or more servings per week) did not show a significant protective effect . Another study found a 19% relative reduction in heart failure incidence among those with higher chocolate intake, although this association was not significant after adjusting for comorbidities .
Cardiometabolic Disorders and Chocolate
A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between chocolate consumption and cardiometabolic disorders, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. The findings suggested that higher levels of chocolate consumption were associated with a substantial reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke .
Chocolate and Cardiovascular Events
Further research from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort indicated that higher chocolate intake was associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. The study found that participants in the highest quintile of chocolate consumption had a lower incidence of CHD and stroke compared to non-consumers .
Conclusion
While chocolate consumption has been linked to increased esophageal acid exposure and may exacerbate heartburn in individuals with reflux esophagitis, it also appears to have potential benefits for cardiovascular health when consumed in moderation. The evidence suggests that moderate chocolate intake may reduce the risk of heart failure and other cardiometabolic disorders, although high consumption does not confer additional benefits. Therefore, individuals prone to heartburn should be cautious with chocolate, while those concerned about cardiovascular health might consider moderate consumption as part of a balanced diet.
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