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These studies suggest smallholder farms have higher yields, greater biodiversity, and are more efficient and environmentally friendly, but face high vulnerability to climate change and uncertain adaptive capacity.
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Smallholder farms, which constitute the majority of the world's farms, play a crucial role in sustainable agricultural development. The environmental impact of these farms, compared to larger agricultural operations, is a topic of significant interest and debate. This synthesis aims to analyze the environmental impacts of smallholder farms based on recent research findings.
Higher Yields and Biodiversity:
Greenhouse Gas Emissions:
Resource-Use Efficiency:
Climate Change Vulnerability:
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Paradox:
Environmental Efficiency:
Smallholder farms generally have higher yields and greater biodiversity compared to larger farms, with no significant differences in greenhouse gas emissions or resource-use efficiency. However, they are highly vulnerable to climate change and face a paradox in greenhouse gas mitigation due to their production practices. Despite these challenges, smallholder farming is considered more environmentally efficient and less degrading than industrial agriculture.
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