Dose definition
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Understanding the Concept of Dose in Various Contexts
Definition of Dose in Health Promotion Interventions
In health promotion interventions, the term "dose" is broadly understood as the "amount" of an intervention. However, there is significant variation in how this concept is defined and operationalized. Dose can refer to the amount of intervention delivered or received, the level of participation, and sometimes the quality of intervention delivery1. This variability in definition can impact how interventions are understood, resourced, and scaled up. The term "dosage" is often used interchangeably with "dose," but it is recommended to distinguish between the two, with "dosage" capturing changes in the amount dispensed over time1.
Dose in Radiation Therapy
In the context of radiation therapy, "dose" refers to the amount of radiant energy directed at a patient over a period of time, aiming for palliation or therapeutic effect2. Unlike pharmacological doses, which are measured in simple units related to their effects, radiation doses are more complex due to the nature of radiant energy and its interaction with biological tissues2. The concept of "effective dose" was introduced to assess radiation detriment from partial body irradiations by comparing it to whole-body irradiations4. Effective dose is calculated as a weighted average of the mean absorbed dose to various body organs, considering the radiation detriment for each organ4.
Dose in Toxicology
In toxicology, "dose" refers to the quantity of a chemical introduced into a biological organism within a given period. This external dose does not necessarily reflect the internal exposure or the amount of chemical to which target cells are exposed7. Dose-response relationships are crucial for predicting whether a compound will be harmful or safe at specific doses and routes of administration. Different reference doses, such as the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), are used to assess risk7.
Dose in Biopharmaceutics
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) defines dose in the context of biopharmaceutics as the "highest single oral IR dose" recommended for administration. This definition is crucial for biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS)-based biowaiver decision-making. The dose is an important parameter for drug dissolution and biopharmaceutic classification, impacting bioequivalence studies5.
Nurse Dose in Healthcare
The concept of "nurse dose" has been introduced to understand the relationship between nursing care and patient outcomes. Nurse dose is defined as the level of nursing reflected in the purity, amount, frequency, and duration of nursing care needed to produce favorable outcomes9. This concept helps in understanding how different parameters of nursing care contribute to patient outcomes.
Conclusion
The concept of dose varies significantly across different fields, from health promotion and radiation therapy to toxicology and biopharmaceutics. Each field has its specific definitions and implications for how dose is measured and understood. Recognizing these differences is crucial for accurately assessing and applying the concept of dose in various contexts.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Variation in the operationalisation of dose in implementation of health promotion interventions: insights and recommendations from a scoping review
Dose is not a well-defined or consistently applied concept in health promotion interventions, and should be differentiated from dosage to better capture the dynamic and complex nature of implementation.
Systematic Review
Rigorous JournalDose as a damage specifier in radiobiology for radiation protection.
Dose is a more accurate term for describing radiation damage in radiobiology than dosage, as it distinguishes between the two usages.
Calculation of effective dose.
Effective dose is a method for assessing radiation detriment from partial body irradiations, comparing it to whole-body irradiation, and can be used to assess the radiation detriment in diagnostic radiology.
Highly CitedScientific considerations concerning the EMA change in the definition of "dose" of the BCS-based biowaiver guideline and implications for bioequivalence.
The EMA 2010 Guideline should abolish the concept of "the highest single oral IR dose recommended for administration" and consider each dose strength separately for bioequivalence studies.
Effective dose: a flawed concept that could and should be replaced.
Effective risk" could replace effective dose as a more accurate and reliable measure of radiation exposure risks, offering age and gender-specific information and avoiding confusion between effective dose, equivalent dose, and absorbed dose.
Highly Cited