Dry cough causes
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Summary
10 papers analyzed
These studies suggest that dry cough can be caused by viral infections, upper airway issues, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux, post-viral conditions, rhinosinusitis, increased neutrophils and cytokines, occult filaria infection, and ACE inhibitors.
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Causes of Dry Cough: An Overview
Dry cough, characterized by the absence of mucus production, is a common symptom that can arise from various underlying conditions. Understanding the potential causes is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. This article synthesizes findings from multiple research studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the causes of dry cough.
Acute Viral Respiratory Infections
One of the most prevalent causes of dry cough is acute viral respiratory infections. These infections can lead to airway irritation and inflammation, resulting in a dry cough that may persist for up to 3-4 weeks. This type of cough is typically self-limiting and resolves as the infection clears.
Upper Airway Cough Syndrome (UACS)
Upper airway cough syndrome, previously known as post-nasal drip, is another common cause of dry cough. It occurs when mucus from the nasal passages drips down the throat, causing irritation and triggering a cough reflex . This condition is often associated with rhinosinusitis and can be managed with antihistamines and decongestants.
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic condition that can present with a dry cough, especially in its variant form known as cough-variant asthma. This type of asthma does not exhibit the typical wheezing but instead manifests primarily as a persistent dry cough . Inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators are commonly used treatments.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
GERD is another significant cause of dry cough. The reflux of stomach acids into the esophagus can irritate the throat and airways, leading to a chronic cough . Treatment typically involves proton pump inhibitors and lifestyle modifications to reduce acid reflux.
Medication-Induced Cough
Certain medications, particularly angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, are known to cause a persistent dry cough in some patients. This side effect is due to the accumulation of bradykinin and substance P, which can irritate the airways . Discontinuation of the offending medication usually resolves the cough.
Inflammatory and Infectious Conditions
Dry cough can also be a symptom of various inflammatory and infectious conditions. For instance, increased levels of neutrophils and cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-8 have been observed in patients with chronic dry cough, indicating an inflammatory response. Additionally, conditions like occult filaria infection have been identified as potential causes, particularly in regions where this parasitic infection is prevalent.
Idiopathic Causes
In some cases, the cause of a dry cough remains unidentified despite thorough investigation. These idiopathic cases can be challenging to manage, and treatment often focuses on symptomatic relief . Enhanced sensitivity of the cough reflex is a common feature in these patients, and various therapeutic approaches, including the use of antitussive agents, may be considered.
Conclusion
Dry cough is a multifaceted symptom with a wide range of potential causes, from common conditions like viral infections and asthma to less frequent ones such as medication side effects and parasitic infections. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment, and in many cases, addressing the underlying cause can lead to resolution of the cough. However, idiopathic cases remain a challenge, highlighting the need for ongoing research and improved therapeutic strategies.
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