Effects of blood pressure medication on quality of life
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Blood Pressure Medication and Health-Related Quality of Life
Research shows that people with hypertension often report a lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to those without hypertension. However, the specific effects of blood pressure medication on quality of life are complex and influenced by several factors, including medication adherence, side effects, and the presence of other health conditions 19.
Impact of Antihypertensive Medication on Quality of Life
Several studies indicate that individuals with hypertension who are treated with blood pressure-lowering drugs may experience a worse quality of life, especially in physical and mental health domains, compared to those who are not on medication or have uncontrolled hypertension . This effect may be due to side effects of the medication, the psychological impact of being diagnosed and treated for a chronic condition, or both 19.
Medication Adherence, Health Literacy, and Quality of Life
Adherence to antihypertensive medication is linked to better blood pressure control and can improve quality of life, particularly when combined with healthy behaviors such as regular exercise and routine blood pressure monitoring 47. Health literacy also plays a role, as patients who understand their treatment are more likely to adhere to medication and experience better quality of life outcomes . However, some studies note that even with good adherence, the perception of reduced quality of life may persist, especially in women and those experiencing medication side effects 110.
Pharmaceutical Care and Support Interventions
Pharmaceutical care interventions, such as medication therapy management and regular follow-up by healthcare professionals, have been shown to improve blood pressure control, reduce cardiovascular risk, and enhance certain aspects of quality of life, such as social functioning 23. These interventions can also reduce the frequency of urgent care visits and hospital admissions, further supporting overall well-being 23.
Drug-Drug Interactions and Polypharmacy
The number of medications taken, especially in older adults or those with higher body mass index (BMI), increases the risk of drug-drug interactions, which can negatively impact quality of life . More medications and interactions are associated with lower quality of life scores, highlighting the importance of careful medication management .
Special Populations: Children and Older Adults
In children with chronic kidney disease, the use of antihypertensive medication does not appear to significantly affect quality of life over time . In older adults with cardiovascular risk factors, higher systolic blood pressure (even when treated) is sometimes associated with slightly better mental quality of life and fewer depressive symptoms, though these effects are small .
Gender and Emotional Well-Being
Gender differences exist in how blood pressure medication and treatment adherence affect quality of life. Women may experience more anxiety with increased commitment to treatment, while poor adherence is linked to depression and stress . This suggests the need for gender-sensitive support and counseling for hypertensive patients .
Conclusion
Blood pressure medication can both positively and negatively affect quality of life. While effective treatment and adherence can improve physical health and reduce complications, side effects, drug interactions, and the psychological burden of chronic disease management may lower perceived quality of life for some patients. Interventions that support medication adherence, health literacy, and personalized care can help optimize both blood pressure control and quality of life outcomes.
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