Farxiga mechanism of action
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Farxiga (Dapagliflozin) Mechanism of Action: SGLT2 Inhibition in Type 2 Diabetes
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibition and Renal Glucose Reabsorption
Farxiga (dapagliflozin) works by selectively inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) protein in the kidneys, specifically in the renal proximal tubule. This protein is responsible for reabsorbing most of the glucose filtered by the kidneys back into the bloodstream. By blocking SGLT2, Farxiga reduces the reabsorption of glucose, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine (glucosuria) and, as a result, lower blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes 12345.
Insulin-Independent Glucose Lowering
A key feature of Farxiga’s mechanism is that it lowers blood sugar independently of insulin secretion or action. This means it can be used alongside other diabetes medications, including those that work through insulin pathways, and is effective even in patients with insulin resistance or reduced insulin production 12345.
Additional Effects: Sodium Excretion and Weight Reduction
By inhibiting SGLT2, Farxiga also increases sodium excretion (natriuresis), which can contribute to mild reductions in blood pressure. The loss of glucose in the urine leads to a loss of calories, which often results in modest weight loss for patients taking the medication 235.
Clinical Implications and Safety Considerations
Farxiga’s unique mechanism makes it a useful option for improving glycemic control, either as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents. It is generally well tolerated, with a low risk of hypoglycemia. However, increased urinary glucose can raise the risk of genital and urinary tract infections. Farxiga is not recommended for patients with significant kidney impairment, and it is contraindicated in type 1 diabetes and end-stage chronic kidney disease 12345.
Conclusion
Farxiga (dapagliflozin) lowers blood glucose by blocking SGLT2 in the kidneys, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion. Its insulin-independent action, potential for weight loss, and additional benefits on blood pressure make it a valuable therapy for type 2 diabetes, though certain risks and contraindications must be considered 12345.
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