Fluoride paste
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Fluoride Paste: Efficacy and Applications
Fluoride Removal with Cement Paste
Cement Paste as a Fluoride Removal Agent
Cement paste has been identified as a viable alternative to traditional fluoride removal agents like lime. Studies have shown that cement paste can effectively reduce fluoride concentrations in wastewater by precipitating calcium fluoride (CaF2) and adsorbing fluoride ions (F-). The presence of various calcium-bearing hydrates such as portlandite, calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), and ettringite in the cement paste contributes to its fluoride removal capacity. Optimal fluoride removal occurs at a pH range between 7.0 and 11.5, making cement paste a competitive and economical option for treating fluoride-laden wastewater.
Simultaneous Removal of Multiple Contaminants
Cement paste is not only effective in removing fluoride but also shows potential in simultaneously removing other contaminants like phosphate, nitrate, and sulfate from acidic wastewater. The interactions between these contaminants and cement components facilitate the formation of compounds such as fluorite and amorphous calcium phosphate, which aid in the removal process. However, the overall removal capacity can be affected by the competition for calcium between fluoride and phosphate.
Fluoride Prophylaxis Pastes for Dental Health
Comparative Efficacy of Fluoride Prophylaxis Pastes
Fluoride prophylaxis pastes are widely used in dental care to enhance enamel fluoride uptake and prevent dental caries. A study comparing different commercial prophylaxis pastes found that a newly formulated paste showed significantly higher fluoride uptake compared to traditional pastes like Zircate and control pastes, and was comparable to an acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) paste. This suggests that new formulations can be as effective as established products in increasing enamel fluoride levels.
Impact of Fluoride Pastes on Enamel
The application of fluoride pastes can lead to significant fluoride deposition in enamel. For instance, professional application of APF paste increased enamel fluoride levels by approximately 300 ppm at a depth of 2.5 micrometers within the first month, although these levels returned to baseline after a month. This transient increase highlights the need for regular application to maintain elevated fluoride levels in enamel.
Self-Application and Caries Inhibition
Self-application of fluoride pastes, particularly APF pastes, has been shown to reduce dental caries in children living in non-fluoridated areas. Semi-annual applications resulted in a 21% reduction in decayed, filled surfaces (DFS) compared to placebo-treated children, with the greatest caries inhibition observed on buccal-lingual surfaces. This underscores the effectiveness of fluoride pastes in caries prevention when used regularly.
Fluoride Concentration in Toothpastes
Monitoring and Safety
The fluoride concentration in various toothpastes is crucial for ensuring both efficacy and safety. Continuous monitoring is necessary to balance the benefits of fluoride in preventing tooth decay and the risks of dental fluorosis, particularly in children. Studies have shown that toothpastes with lower fluoride content can still be effective in reducing mineral loss and improving enamel hardness, provided they are used correctly.
Bioactive Glass Fluoride Paste
Innovative fluoride pastes, such as those containing bioactive glass (BiominF®), have shown promise in remineralizing demineralized enamel and dentin. These pastes not only improve acid resistance but also maintain bond strength with adhesive systems, making them suitable for use as temporary filling materials that enhance the longevity of dental restorations.
Conclusion
Fluoride pastes, whether used for environmental fluoride removal or dental prophylaxis, offer significant benefits. Cement paste emerges as a cost-effective and efficient agent for fluoride removal in wastewater treatment, while fluoride prophylaxis pastes play a crucial role in enhancing dental health by increasing enamel fluoride uptake and preventing caries. Continuous monitoring and innovation in fluoride paste formulations are essential to maximize their benefits and ensure safety.
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