Fluorine atomic mass
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Fluorine Atomic Mass: A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction to Fluorine Atomic Mass
Fluorine, a highly reactive halogen, is a significant element in various chemical processes. Its atomic mass has been a subject of extensive research and debate. This article synthesizes findings from multiple studies to provide a clear understanding of the atomic mass of fluorine.
Historical Measurements and Discrepancies
Early Determinations
Initial studies suggested that the atomic mass of fluorine was slightly above 19.00. McAdam and Smith's work on the ratio of sodium fluoride to sodium chloride indicated a value of 19.009 . Similarly, Germann and Booth's research on the limiting density of silicon fluoride supported an atomic mass of 19.010, assuming the atomic weight of silicon to be 28.06 .
Conflicting Results
However, not all studies agreed with these findings. Moles and Batuecas, through their work on the limiting density of methyl fluoride, supported the value of 19.00. Yet, their methodology and results were questioned due to significant experimental errors . Further, the application of different compressibility coefficients to the same data yielded varying results, with values ranging from 18.995 to 19.09, casting doubt on the reliability of these measurements .
Recent Advances and Consensus
Refined Techniques
Recent advancements in measurement techniques have provided more precise values. Patterson, Whytlaw-Gray, and Cawood's revision of the molecular weight of methyl fluoride suggested an atomic mass of 19.010. However, this value was contested due to potential errors in the analytical process .
X-ray and Density Data
A more reliable method combining x-ray and density data for various crystals, including lithium fluoride and sodium chloride, has yielded an atomic mass of 18.9967 ± 0.0013 for fluorine. This method is considered highly precise and aligns closely with the standard atomic weight procedures .
Modern Analytical Methods
Mass Spectrometry
Modern techniques such as electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS) have also been employed to determine the atomic mass of fluorine. By monitoring atomic fluorine at mass 19, this method has achieved a detection limit of 0.29 µg for aqueous fluoride ions, providing a robust analytical approach .
Conclusion
The atomic mass of fluorine has been a topic of extensive research, with early studies suggesting values slightly above 19.00. However, recent advancements and refined techniques have provided a more precise value of 18.9967 ± 0.0013. This consensus is supported by modern analytical methods, ensuring the reliability of the determined atomic mass.
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