Fluoruro dental
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Summary
10 papers analyzed
These studies suggest that fluoride in various forms (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels) effectively prevents dental caries, but improper use can lead to dental fluorosis, especially in children.
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Fluoride in Dental Health: Benefits and Risks
Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis and Caries in Children
Fluorosis and Caries in Mexican Children
A study conducted in the State of Mexico assessed the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and caries among 111 school children aged 11 years. The findings revealed a high prevalence of fluorosis at 52.73%, with a Community Fluorosis Index (CFI) of 0.75. Conversely, the prevalence of dental caries was 53.2%, with a Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score of 1.27. Interestingly, children without fluorosis exhibited higher caries rates, suggesting that fluoride exposure, while a risk factor for fluorosis, may help reduce caries incidence.
Fluorosis in Campeche, Mexico
In Campeche, Mexico, a study involving 320 children aged 6-9 years found a fluorosis prevalence of 56.3%, with very mild fluorosis being the most common. The study highlighted that early use of fluoride toothpaste (before age two) significantly increased the risk of fluorosis, emphasizing the need for cautious and supervised use of fluoride products in young children.
Hidden Fluoride Sources and Fluorosis
Research in Nezahualcoyotl, Mexico, identified a high prevalence of dental fluorosis (73.4%) among school children, with hidden fluoride sources such as carbonated drinks and bottled beverages contributing significantly to this condition. The study underscores the importance of monitoring fluoride intake from various sources to prevent excessive exposure.
Effectiveness of Fluoride Products in Preventing Caries
Fluoride Mouthrinses
Fluoride mouthrinses have been extensively used in school-based programs to prevent dental caries. A comprehensive review of 37 trials involving 15,813 children and adolescents found that regular use of fluoride mouthrinse significantly reduced caries increment in permanent teeth by 27%. The review concluded that supervised use of fluoride mouthrinse is effective in caries prevention, although the size of the effect may vary depending on the setting.
Fluoride Toothpastes
Fluoride toothpastes have been a cornerstone in caries prevention for over three decades. A meta-analysis of 70 studies involving 42,300 children demonstrated a 24% reduction in caries increment with the use of fluoride toothpaste. The effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste was found to increase with higher baseline caries levels, higher fluoride concentration, and supervised brushing.
Fluoride Gels
Topically applied fluoride gels have also been shown to be effective in preventing dental caries. A review of 25 studies involving 7,747 children reported a 28% reduction in caries increment with the use of fluoride gel. The review highlighted the need for further research on potential adverse effects and the acceptability of fluoride gel treatments.
Risks Associated with Fluoride Use
Toxicity and Safe Use of Fluorides
While fluoride is effective in preventing dental caries, its use must be carefully managed to avoid toxicity. Excessive fluoride intake during tooth development can lead to dental fluorosis, characterized by hypomineralization of the enamel. Health professionals and parents must be educated on the proper use of fluoride products to minimize risks. Manufacturers should also provide clear information on fluoride content to prevent accidental overexposure.
Fluoride in Bottled Water
The fluoride concentration in bottled water can vary significantly, impacting its effectiveness in caries prevention and the risk of fluorosis. A study in Chile found that only 10% of bottled waters had fluoride concentrations within the optimal range for caries prevention, while most did not pose a significant risk for fluorosis. This highlights the need for better regulation and labeling of fluoride content in bottled water.
Conclusion
Fluoride plays a crucial role in preventing dental caries, but its use must be balanced to avoid the risk of dental fluorosis. Studies indicate that while fluoride exposure from various sources can reduce caries incidence, excessive intake, especially in young children, can lead to fluorosis. Proper education, supervision, and regulation are essential to maximize the benefits of fluoride while minimizing its risks.
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